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Islam, with over two billion followers, is the second-largest religion globally and projected to outnumber Christians by 2050.
Majority of Muslims reside in northern and central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Islam includes major denominations like Sunni and Shi'a, and internal conflicts, particularly between these sects, have led to armed conflicts in several regions.
Muslims are followers of the religion Islam, who believe in and live by the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. There are more than two billion Muslims worldwide, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world, exceeded only by Christianity. In fact, many researchers project that Muslims will outnumber Christians by the year 2050.
Although Muslims can be found all over the world, the majority live in northern and central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Many countries in these regions are more than 90% Muslim, including Egypt, Afghanistan, Syria, Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran. Any country in which Muslims make up 50% or more of the population is considered a Muslim majority country.
The country with the largest number of Muslims overall is Indonesia, which is home to an estimated 231 million Muslims. This is 86.7% of the Indonesian population and nearly 13% of the world’s total population of Muslims. In Indonesia, Islam can be broadly categorized into “modernism,” which follows orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, or “traditionalism,” which follows the interpretations of local religious leaders.
Country | Muslim Population |
---|---|
Pakistan | 240.8M |
Indonesia | 236M |
India | 200M |
Bangladesh | 150.8M |
Nigeria | 97M |
Egypt | 90M |
Turkey | 84.4M |
Iran | 82.5M |
China | 50M |
Algeria | 43.7M |
While the previously mentioned countries possess the highest total number of Muslims, several smaller nations have larger percentages of Muslim inhabitants.
Country | % Muslim |
---|---|
Western Sahara | 100.21% |
Pakistan | 98.19% |
Turkey | 97.84% |
Azerbaijan | 96.28% |
Senegal | 95.61% |
Morocco | 95.18% |
Algeria | 94.51% |
Libya | 94.08% |
Comoros | 93.04% |
Iran | 91.86% |
*Note: At 99.4% Muslim, the disputed territory Western Sahara would rank at #8–but as it has not yet been recognized as a country by the United Nations, it was disqualified.
Many Westerners might be surprised to learn that Islam is an Abrahamic religion, meaning Muslims worship the same God as Christians, Jews, and the Bahá'í Faith—though obviously with significant differences in scripture, theology, doctrine, and application.
Just as Christianity encompasses multiple denominations (Catholic, Lutheran, Mormon, Baptist, etc.), Islam includes two major denominations: Sunni (75-90%) and Shi'a (10-13%), as well as a number of smaller branches. For example, Muslims in Indonesia are approximately 99% Sunni, 0.5% Shia, and 0.3% Ahmadi.
The division between Sunni and Shi'a is nearly as old as Islam itself, having stemmed from a disagreement in AD 632 about who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the faith. In the centuries since that time, additional theological differences have arisen.
The tension between various Muslim groups, particularly Shi'a vs Sunni, has occasionally led to armed conflict and terrorist activity. Muslim extremists are responsible for insurgencies in several African nations, and violence between Muslim sects has escalated into full-blown civil war in countries including Iraq, Yemen, and Syria.
Country | Muslim Population | % Muslim | Population | % of World Muslims | Additional Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pakistan | 240.8M | 98.19% | 245,209,815 | 12.23% | |
Indonesia | 236M | 84.35% | 279,798,049 | 11.99% | |
India | 200M | 13.87% | 1,441,719,852 | 10.16% | |
Bangladesh | 150.8M | 86.32% | 174,701,211 | 7.66% | |
Nigeria | 97M | 42.33% | 229,152,217 | 4.93% | Estimate is range: 95,000,000-97,000,000 |
Egypt | 90M | 78.61% | 114,484,252 | 4.57% | Estimate is range: 85,000,000-90,000,000 |
Turkey | 84.4M | 97.84% | 86,260,417 | 4.29% | Estimate is range: 78,000,000 - 84,400,000 |
Iran | 82.5M | 91.86% | 89,809,781 | 4.19% | |
China | 50M | 3.51% | 1,425,178,782 | 2.54% | Estimate is range: 6,255,000-50,000,000 |
Algeria | 43.7M | 94.51% | 46,278,751 | 2.22% | |
Iraq | 39.7M | 85.23% | 46,523,657 | 2.01% | Estimate is range: 38,439,566-39,653,447 |
Sudan | 38.6M | 78.17% | 49,358,228 | 1.96% | |
Afghanistan | 37M | 85.36% | 43,372,950 | 1.88% | |
Morocco | 36.4M | 95.18% | 38,211,459 | 1.85% | |
Ethiopia | 34.7M | 26.75% | 129,719,719 | 1.76% | |
Saudi Arabia | 31.5M | 84.15% | 37,473,929 | 1.6% | |
Uzbekistan | 29.9M | 83.87% | 35,673,804 | 1.52% | |
Yemen | 26.8M | 76.05% | 35,219,853 | 1.36% | |
Niger | 21.1M | 74.73% | 28,238,972 | 1.07% | |
Malaysia | 20.1M | 57.87% | 34,671,895 | 1.02% | |
Tanzania | 19.4M | 27.98% | 69,419,073 | 0.99% | |
Mali | 17.5M | 72.9% | 24,015,789 | 0.89% | |
Senegal | 17.4M | 95.61% | 18,221,567 | 0.88% | |
Russia | 16M | 11.11% | 143,957,079 | 0.81% | Estimate is range: 14,000,000-16,000,000; Estimate for Total Population is range: 144,350,000-146,75... |
Syria | 15M | 61.61% | 24,348,053 | 0.76% | |
Burkina Faso | 13.5M | 56.68% | 23,840,247 | 0.69% | |
Kazakhstan | 13.2M | 66.36% | 19,828,165 | 0.67% | |
DR Congo | 12.8M | 12.11% | 105,625,114 | 0.65% | |
Philippines | 12M | 10.08% | 119,106,224 | 0.61% | Estimate is range: 5,450,000-12,000,000 |
Ivory Coast | 11.3M | 38.06% | 29,603,302 | 0.57% | |
Somalia | 11M | 58.68% | 18,706,922 | 0.56% | |
Guinea | 10.6M | 72.71% | 14,528,770 | 0.54% | |
Tunisia | 10.2M | 81.1% | 12,564,689 | 0.52% | |
Jordan | 10.2M | 89.29% | 11,384,922 | 0.52% | |
Azerbaijan | 10.1M | 96.28% | 10,462,904 | 0.51% | |
Tajikistan | 9.3M | 89.56% | 10,331,513 | 0.47% | |
Chad | 9.2M | 48.72% | 18,847,148 | 0.47% | |
Cameroon | 7.7M | 26.17% | 29,394,433 | 0.39% | |
Libya | 6.6M | 94.08% | 6,964,197 | 0.33% | |
Ghana | 6.4M | 18.52% | 34,777,522 | 0.33% | |
United Arab Emirates | 6.3M | 65.18% | 9,591,853 | 0.32% | |
Sierra Leone | 6.1M | 67.58% | 8,977,972 | 0.31% | |
Kyrgyzstan | 5.8M | 85.53% | 6,839,606 | 0.3% | Estimate is range: 5,200,000-5,850,000 |
Mozambique | 5.8M | 16.75% | 34,858,402 | 0.3% | |
France | 5.7M | 8.82% | 64,881,830 | 0.29% | |
Turkmenistan | 5.6M | 85.02% | 6,598,071 | 0.28% | |
Kenya | 5.5M | 9.79% | 56,203,030 | 0.28% | |
Uganda | 5.4M | 10.89% | 49,924,252 | 0.28% | |
Germany | 4.6M | 5.53% | 83,252,474 | 0.23% | Estimate is range: 4,300,000-4,600,000 |
Palestine | 4.3M | 78.22% | 5,494,963 | 0.22% | |
Mauritania | 4.2M | 83.25% | 4,993,922 | 0.21% | |
Malawi | 4M | 18.48% | 21,475,962 | 0.2% | |
Thailand | 3.6M | 5.06% | 71,885,799 | 0.18% | |
Lebanon | 3.6M | 68.35% | 5,219,044 | 0.18% | |
United States | 3.5M | 1.01% | 341,814,420 | 0.18% | |
Benin | 3.1M | 22.31% | 14,080,072 | 0.16% | |
Eritrea | 3.1M | 81.2% | 3,817,651 | 0.16% | Estimate is range: 2,160,000-3,100,000 |
Italy | 3M | 5.09% | 58,697,744 | 0.15% | |
Madagascar | 2.6M | 8.27% | 31,056,610 | 0.13% | |
South Sudan | 2.5M | 21.86% | 11,277,092 | 0.13% | |
Oman | 2.4M | 51.49% | 4,713,553 | 0.12% | |
Myanmar | 2.4M | 4.35% | 54,964,694 | 0.12% | |
Gambia | 2.3M | 80.34% | 2,841,803 | 0.12% | |
Kuwait | 2.2M | 50.02% | 4,349,380 | 0.11% | |
United Kingdom | 2.1M | 3.13% | 67,961,439 | 0.11% | |
Sri Lanka | 2.1M | 9.59% | 21,949,268 | 0.11% | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2M | 61.2% | 3,194,378 | 0.1% | |
Albania | 1.8M | 63.61% | 2,826,020 | 0.09% | |
Canada | 1.8M | 4.54% | 39,107,046 | 0.09% | |
Togo | 1.6M | 17.2% | 9,260,864 | 0.08% | |
Qatar | 1.6M | 57.24% | 2,737,061 | 0.08% | |
Israel | 1.5M | 16.29% | 9,311,652 | 0.08% | |
Brazil | 1.5M | 0.69% | 217,637,297 | 0.08% | Estimate is range: 35,167-1,500,000 |
Nepal | 1.3M | 4.14% | 31,240,315 | 0.07% | |
Burundi | 1.2M | 8.71% | 13,591,657 | 0.06% | |
Spain | 1.2M | 2.49% | 47,473,373 | 0.06% | |
Bahrain | 1.1M | 70.94% | 1,498,712 | 0.05% | |
South Africa | 1.1M | 1.72% | 61,020,221 | 0.05% | |
Liberia | 962K | 17.37% | 5,536,949 | 0.05% | |
Singapore | 915.1K | 15.12% | 6,052,709 | 0.05% | |
Guinea Bissau | 911K | 41.46% | 2,197,149 | 0.05% | |
Belgium | 879.4K | 7.51% | 11,715,774 | 0.04% | |
Central African Republic | 861.8K | 14.57% | 5,915,627 | 0.04% | |
Bulgaria | 861K | 13.01% | 6,618,615 | 0.04% | |
Djibouti | 857.5K | 74.41% | 1,152,329 | 0.04% | |
Australia | 813.4K | 3.05% | 26,699,482 | 0.04% | |
Comoros | 807.2K | 93.04% | 867,605 | 0.04% | |
Austria | 720K | 8.02% | 8,977,139 | 0.04% | |
North Macedonia | 705.6K | 33.88% | 2,082,706 | 0.04% | |
Sweden | 700K | 6.56% | 10,673,669 | 0.04% | |
Western Sahara | 599.6K | 100.21% | 598,385 | 0.03% | |
Rwanda | 576.1K | 4% | 14,414,910 | 0.03% | |
Georgia | 527.1K | 14.18% | 3,717,425 | 0.03% | |
Switzerland | 440K | 4.97% | 8,851,431 | 0.02% | |
Ukraine | 410K | 1.08% | 37,937,821 | 0.02% | Estimate is range: 390,000-410,000 |
Argentina | 400K | 0.87% | 46,057,866 | 0.02% | |
Netherlands | 387K | 2.19% | 17,671,125 | 0.02% | |
Maldives | 374.8K | 72.37% | 517,887 | 0.02% | |
Brunei | 355K | 77.88% | 455,858 | 0.02% | |
Denmark | 313.7K | 5.28% | 5,939,695 | 0.02% | |
Greece | 313.4K | 3.04% | 10,302,720 | 0.02% | Estimate is range: 215,230-313,406 |
Cambodia | 311K | 1.82% | 17,121,847 | 0.02% | |
Hong Kong | 295.7K | 3.95% | 7,496,681 | 0.02% | |
Cyprus | 275K | 21.68% | 1,268,467 | 0.01% | |
Mayotte | 253.4K | 73.25% | 345,996 | 0.01% | |
Mauritius | 236K | 18.13% | 1,301,978 | 0.01% | |
Gabon | 211.9K | 8.53% | 2,484,557 | 0.01% | |
Romania | 200K | 1.02% | 19,618,996 | 0.01% | Estimate is range: 73,000-200,000 |
Japan | 185K | 0.15% | 122,631,432 | 0.01% | |
Norway | 175.5K | 3.18% | 5,514,477 | 0.01% | |
Zambia | 168.9K | 0.8% | 21,134,695 | 0.01% | |
Mongolia | 150K | 4.29% | 3,493,629 | 0.01% | |
Venezuela | 125.2K | 0.43% | 29,395,334 | 0.01% | |
Montenegro | 122.8K | 19.62% | 626,102 | 0.01% | |
Serbia | 121.5K | 1.71% | 7,097,028 | 0.01% | |
Republic of the Congo | 108K | 1.73% | 6,244,547 | 0.01% | |
Finland | 102K | 1.84% | 5,549,886 | 0.01% | |
Zimbabwe | 100K | 0.59% | 17,020,321 | 0.01% | |
Belarus | 100K | 1.06% | 9,455,037 | 0.01% | Estimate is range: 45,000-100,000 |
Colombia | 96.3K | 0.18% | 52,340,774 | 0% | |
Vietnam | 96.2K | 0.1% | 99,497,680 | 0% | |
Angola | 90K | 0.24% | 37,804,634 | 0% | |
Suriname | 85.8K | 13.65% | 628,785 | 0% | |
Equatorial Guinea | 79.7K | 4.54% | 1,754,993 | 0% | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 78K | 5.07% | 1,538,200 | 0% | |
South Korea | 75K | 0.14% | 51,741,963 | 0% | |
Slovenia | 73.6K | 3.47% | 2,118,965 | 0% | |
Ireland | 71K | 1.39% | 5,089,478 | 0% | |
Portugal | 65K | 0.64% | 10,223,349 | 0% | |
Croatia | 64.1K | 1.61% | 3,986,627 | 0% | |
Taiwan | 60K | 0.25% | 23,950,214 | 0% | |
Hungary | 60K | 0.6% | 9,994,993 | 0% | Estimate is range: 40,000-60,000 |
Fiji | 58.4K | 6.19% | 943,072 | 0% | |
Guyana | 55K | 6.71% | 819,594 | 0% | |
New Zealand | 41K | 0.78% | 5,269,939 | 0% | |
Reunion | 36.4K | 3.68% | 989,350 | 0% | |
Honduras | 30K | 0.28% | 10,759,406 | 0% | |
Panama | 25K | 0.55% | 4,527,961 | 0% | |
Czech Republic | 20K | 0.19% | 10,503,734 | 0% | Estimate is range: 10,000-20,000 |
El Salvador | 18K | 0.28% | 6,396,289 | 0% | |
Moldova | 15K | 0.45% | 3,329,865 | 0% | |
Luxembourg | 15K | 2.27% | 661,594 | 0% | |
Malta | 11.7K | 2.18% | 536,740 | 0% | |
Cape Verde | 11.4K | 1.88% | 604,461 | 0% | |
Cuba | 11.1K | 0.1% | 11,174,587 | 0% | |
Slovakia | 10.9K | 0.19% | 5,702,832 | 0% | |
Namibia | 9.7K | 0.36% | 2,645,805 | 0% | |
Botswana | 9K | 0.33% | 2,719,694 | 0% | |
New Caledonia | 7K | 2.37% | 295,966 | 0% | |
Poland | 6.8K | 0.02% | 40,221,726 | 0% | |
Eswatini | 6K | 0.49% | 1,222,075 | 0% | |
Sao Tome and Principe | 5.9K | 2.51% | 236,381 | 0% | |
Jamaica | 5.6K | 0.2% | 2,824,738 | 0% | |
Mexico | 5.5K | 0% | 129,388,467 | 0% | |
Haiti | 5K | 0.04% | 11,867,030 | 0% | |
Barbados | 4.4K | 1.56% | 282,309 | 0% | |
Chile | 4K | 0.02% | 19,658,839 | 0% | |
North Korea | 3K | 0.01% | 26,244,582 | 0% | |
Lithuania | 3K | 0.11% | 2,692,798 | 0% | |
Lesotho | 3K | 0.13% | 2,356,083 | 0% | |
French Guiana | 2.4K | 0.75% | 319,796 | 0% | |
Andorra | 2.2K | 2.77% | 80,341 | 0% | |
Liechtenstein | 2K | 5.15% | 39,822 | 0% | |
Bolivia | 2K | 0.02% | 12,567,336 | 0% | |
Dominican Republic | 2K | 0.02% | 11,434,005 | 0% | |
Papua New Guinea | 2K | 0.02% | 10,515,788 | 0% | |
Latvia | 2K | 0.11% | 1,810,240 | 0% | |
Bhutan | 2K | 0.25% | 792,382 | 0% | Estimate. Actual population may be lower. |
Guadeloupe | 2K | 0.5% | 396,346 | 0% | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2K | 1.93% | 103,683 | 0% | |
Estonia | 1.5K | 0.11% | 1,319,041 | 0% | |
Guatemala | 1.2K | 0.01% | 18,358,430 | 0% | |
Gibraltar | 1.1K | 3.51% | 32,718 | 0% | |
Armenia | 1K | 0.04% | 2,777,979 | 0% | |
Seychelles | 1K | 0.96% | 108,263 | 0% | |
Peru | 1K | 0% | 34,683,444 | 0% | |
Ecuador | 1K | 0.01% | 18,377,367 | 0% | |
Laos | 1K | 0.01% | 7,736,681 | 0% | |
Nicaragua | 1K | 0.01% | 7,142,529 | 0% | |
Paraguay | 1K | 0.01% | 6,947,270 | 0% | |
Costa Rica | 1K | 0.02% | 5,246,714 | 0% | |
Uruguay | 1K | 0.03% | 3,423,316 | 0% | |
Puerto Rico | 1K | 0.03% | 3,268,802 | 0% | |
Timor Leste | 1K | 0.07% | 1,379,883 | 0% | |
Solomon Islands | 1K | 0.13% | 756,673 | 0% | |
Macau | 1K | 0.14% | 713,082 | 0% | |
Belize | 1K | 0.24% | 416,656 | 0% | |
Bahamas | 1K | 0.24% | 415,223 | 0% | |
Iceland | 1K | 0.26% | 377,689 | 0% | |
Martinique | 1K | 0.27% | 366,416 | 0% | |
Vanuatu | 1K | 0.29% | 342,325 | 0% | |
French Polynesia | 1K | 0.32% | 311,383 | 0% | |
Samoa | 1K | 0.44% | 228,966 | 0% | |
Saint Lucia | 1K | 0.55% | 180,805 | 0% | |
Guam | 1K | 0.57% | 174,114 | 0% | |
Kiribati | 1K | 0.74% | 135,763 | 0% | |
Grenada | 1K | 0.79% | 126,887 | 0% | |
Micronesia | 1K | 0.86% | 116,300 | 0% | |
Tonga | 1K | 0.92% | 108,683 | 0% | |
Aruba | 1K | 0.94% | 106,177 | 0% | |
United States Virgin Islands | 1K | 1.02% | 98,055 | 0% | |
Antigua and Barbuda | 1K | 1.05% | 94,816 | 0% | |
Isle of Man | 1K | 1.18% | 84,904 | 0% | |
Dominica | 1K | 1.36% | 73,368 | 0% | |
Cayman Islands | 1K | 1.43% | 69,885 | 0% | |
Bermuda | 1K | 1.56% | 63,935 | 0% | |
Greenland | 1K | 1.76% | 56,789 | 0% | |
Faroe Islands | 1K | 1.87% | 53,444 | 0% | |
Northern Mariana Islands | 1K | 2% | 50,025 | 0% | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1K | 2.09% | 47,847 | 0% | |
Turks and Caicos Islands | 1K | 2.15% | 46,431 | 0% | |
American Samoa | 1K | 2.3% | 43,544 | 0% | |
Marshall Islands | 1K | 2.36% | 42,415 | 0% | |
Monaco | 1K | 2.77% | 36,157 | 0% | |
San Marino | 1K | 2.97% | 33,614 | 0% | |
British Virgin Islands | 1K | 3.15% | 31,763 | 0% | |
Palau | 1K | 5.54% | 18,051 | 0% | |
Cook Islands | 1K | 5.86% | 17,072 | 0% | |
Anguilla | 1K | 6.28% | 15,936 | 0% | |
Nauru | 1K | 7.76% | 12,884 | 0% | |
Tuvalu | 1K | 8.71% | 11,478 | 0% | |
Wallis and Futuna | 1K | 8.74% | 11,439 | 0% | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1K | 17.2% | 5,815 | 0% | |
Montserrat | 1K | 22.87% | 4,372 | 0% | |
Falkland Islands | 1K | 26.3% | 3,803 | 0% | |
Niue | 1K | 51.68% | 1,935 | 0% | |
Tokelau | 1K | 52.22% | 1,915 | 0% | |
Total | 2B | 24.26% | 100% |