16 cities
| City | Rank | 2026 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedan | 1 | 1,306 | 1,337 | -0.61% | 27 | 49 | Township |
| Sedan | 2 | 978 | 999 | -0.31% | 1,190 | 1 | City |
| Jefferson | 3 | 581 | 596 | -0.51% | 10 | 55 | Township |
| Cedar Vale | 4 | 471 | 480 | -0.21% | 625 | 1 | City |
| Little Caney | 5 | 323 | 333 | -0.62% | 7 | 45 | Township |
| Chautauqua | 6 | 109 | 111 | 0% | 257 | 0 | City |
| Salt Creek | 7 | 103 | 108 | -0.96% | 2 | 49 | Township |
| Hendricks | 8 | 101 | 104 | -0.98% | 2 | 55 | Township |
| Peru | 9 | 100 | 102 | 0% | 309 | 0 | City |
| Niotaze | 10 | 88 | 90 | 0% | 238 | 0 | City |
| Caneyville | 11 | 79 | 82 | -1.25% | 1 | 55 | Township |
| Summit | 12 | 66 | 69 | -1.49% | 1 | 56 | Township |
| Center | 13 | 63 | 66 | -1.56% | 1 | 55 | Township |
| Elgin | 14 | 55 | 57 | 0% | 282 | 0 | City |
| Harrison | 15 | 54 | 57 | -1.82% | 1 | 55 | Township |
| Lafayette | 16 | 41 | 40 | 0% | 1 | 59 | Township |
Sedan is the largest city in Chautauqua County, with a population of 1,306.
Lafayette is the smallest city in Chautauqua County, with a population of 41.
There are 16 cities in Chautauqua County, Kansas.