11 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas City | 1 | 11,632 | 11,964 | -0.56% | 1,248 | 9.32 | City |
| Winfield | 2 | 11,601 | 11,770 | -0.29% | 1,041 | 11.14 | City |
| Udall | 3 | 632 | 661 | -0.94% | 1,160 | 0.55 | City |
| Burden | 4 | 506 | 511 | -0.2% | 979 | 0.52 | City |
| Parkerfield | 5 | 404 | 408 | -0.25% | 442 | 0.91 | City |
| Dexter | 6 | 234 | 226 | 0.86% | 845 | 0.28 | City |
| Atlanta | 7 | 162 | 169 | -0.61% | 338 | 0.48 | City |
| Rock | 8 | 121 | 105 | 7.08% | 303 | 0.40 | CDP |
| Cambridge | 9 | 90 | 92 | 0% | 514 | 0.17 | City |
| Silverdale | 10 | 44 | 59 | 7.32% | 42 | 1.04 | CDP |
| New Salem | 11 | 27 | 21 | 3.85% | 74 | 0.37 | CDP |
Arkansas City is the largest city in Cowley County, with a population of 11,632.
New Salem is the smallest city in Cowley County.
There are 11 cities in Cowley County, Kansas.