35 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas City | 1 | 11,710 | 11,964 | -0.43% | 1,257 | 9 | City |
| Winfield | 2 | 11,655 | 11,769 | -0.2% | 1,046 | 11 | City |
| Creswell | 3 | 1,905 | 1,908 | 0% | 53 | 36 | Township |
| Bolton | 4 | 1,445 | 1,445 | 0% | 28 | 52 | Township |
| Ninnescah | 5 | 895 | 918 | -0.33% | 25 | 36 | Township |
| Pleasant Valley | 6 | 801 | 805 | 0% | 18 | 45 | Township |
| Maple | 7 | 737 | 742 | -0.27% | 21 | 35 | Township |
| Silver Creek | 8 | 682 | 690 | -0.29% | 19 | 36 | Township |
| Udall | 9 | 636 | 661 | -0.78% | 1,167 | 1 | City |
| Burden | 10 | 504 | 511 | -0.4% | 975 | 1 | City |
| Vernon | 11 | 458 | 461 | 0% | 12 | 39 | Township |
| Parkerfield | 12 | 402 | 406 | -0.25% | 440 | 1 | City |
| Dexter | 13 | 367 | 364 | -0.27% | 5 | 71 | Township |
| Silverdale | 14 | 351 | 352 | 0% | 7 | 53 | Township |
| Salem | 15 | 315 | 315 | 0.32% | 12 | 26 | Township |
| Tisdale | 16 | 310 | 306 | 0.32% | 10 | 30 | Township |
| Rock Creek | 17 | 259 | 258 | 0.39% | 7 | 35 | Township |
| Omnia | 18 | 253 | 261 | -0.78% | 7 | 36 | Township |
| Dexter | 19 | 230 | 225 | 0.44% | 830 | 0 | City |
| Beaver | 20 | 186 | 190 | -0.53% | 5 | 35 | Township |
| Richland | 21 | 173 | 173 | 0.58% | 4 | 42 | Township |
| Sheridan | 22 | 162 | 164 | 0% | 5 | 36 | Township |
| Atlanta | 23 | 161 | 168 | -1.23% | 336 | 0 | City |
| Windsor | 24 | 152 | 153 | 0% | 2 | 94 | Township |
| Rock | 25 | 141 | 142 | 0% | 4 | 36 | Township |
| Atlanta | 26 | 136 | 138 | 0% | 4 | 35 | Township |
| Rock | 27 | 121 | 105 | 7.08% | 303 | 0 | CDP |
| Harvey | 28 | 94 | 96 | -1.05% | 1 | 63 | Township |
| Cambridge | 29 | 91 | 93 | -1.09% | 520 | 0 | City |
| Spring Creek | 30 | 73 | 74 | -1.35% | 2 | 44 | Township |
| Grant | 31 | 66 | 67 | -1.49% | 1 | 45 | Township |
| Silverdale | 32 | 44 | 59 | 7.32% | 42 | 1 | CDP |
| Otter | 33 | 32 | 33 | 0% | 1 | 52 | Township |
| New Salem | 34 | 27 | 21 | 3.85% | 74 | 0 | CDP |
| Winfield | 35 | 20 | 22 | -4.76% | 1 | 36 | Township |
Arkansas City is the largest city in Cowley County, with a population of 11,710.
Winfield is the smallest city in Cowley County, with a population of 20.
There are 35 cities in Cowley County, Kansas.