7 cities
| City | Rank | 2026 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson City | 1 | 42,582 | 42,528 | 0.02% | 1,181 | 36 | City |
| St. Martins | 2 | 1,242 | 1,194 | 0.65% | 641 | 2 | City |
| Russellville | 3 | 807 | 779 | 0.62% | 927 | 1 | City |
| Centertown | 4 | 296 | 284 | 0.68% | 312 | 1 | Town |
| St. Thomas | 5 | 229 | 220 | 0.88% | 234 | 1 | Town |
| Lohman | 6 | 179 | 173 | 0.56% | 497 | 0 | City |
| Eugene | 7 | 143 | 142 | 0.7% | 3 | 50 | Township |
Jefferson City is the largest city in Cole County, with a population of 42,582.
Eugene is the smallest city in Cole County, with a population of 143.
There are 7 cities in Cole County, Missouri.