Major Dialects:
| Language | Speakers |
|---|---|
| Tatar | 4,381,000 |
| German | 2,070,000 |
| Chechen | 1,350,000 |
| Chuvash | 1,243,000 |
| Bashkort | 1,150,000 |
| Avar | 715,000 |
| Armenian | 661,000 |
| Dargwa | 486,000 |
| Kabardian | 516,000 |
| Mari | 512,000 |
| Azerbaijani | 473,000 |
| Ossetic | 451,000 |
| Yakut | 450,000 |
| Kumyk | 426,000 |
| Lezgi | 402,000 |
| Buriat | 329,100 |
| Udmurt | 324,000 |
| Ingush | 306,000 |
| Karachay-Balkar | 305,000 |
| Tuvan | 254,000 |
| Komi | 219,100 |
| Lak | 146,000 |
| Romani | 128,000 |
| Tabasaran | 126,000 |
| Adyghe | 117,500 |