World War I is largely seen as one of the most horrific conflicts in all of human history. World War I began in 1914. That was when Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated. Located in the Baltics, it was largely seen as a powder keg, and it set off a network of interlocking alliances that ultimately led to the First World War. At the time, it was referred to as the Great War, as well as the war to end all wars. Of course, that would prove to be false, as WWII would start in 1941. World War 1 would eventually end in 1918, after the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Allied powers.
Even though there were some countries that changed sides during the course of the war, the Central Powers typically refer to Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The name was given to these powers because they are all located in the center of Europe. Even though Germany is the only one of these countries that still exists today, Austria and Hungary are still two separate countries. The Ottoman Empire would eventually break apart following the end of the First World War, but the Ottoman Empire was located where Turkey is today.
For the first few years of the war, a bloody stalemate would develop. At the time, the United States was pursuing an isolationist foreign policy. Separated by a vast ocean, most people in the United States did not want to get involved in a war in Europe. They knew that Europe had a long history of bloody wars, and families did not want to send their children off to die in such a conflict. Eventually, the United States would enter the war in 1917. Even though the United States had been supporting the Allies economically for a long time, Germany offered vast swathes of territory to Mexico if it entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. The United States got wind of this, and they decided to declare war on the Central Powers and Germany. Shortly after the United States entered the war, the Allied Powers defeated the Central Powers, and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.
There were a number of reasons why World War 1 was so deadly. First, military commanders were using outdated tactics with modern weapons. Soldiers continued to march and charged in massed frontal assault against machine guns, leading to men being cut down by the thousands. Furthermore, disease ran rampant in the trenches. Gangrene and trench foot were very common, and disease would kill more people than military combat. Furthermore, World War 1 was fought against the backdrop of the Spanish influenza pandemic, which also killed millions of people all over the world. This makes World War 1 one of the deadliest conflicts in human history.
Country | WWI Era Name | Date of Armistice | Results | Treaty Of |
---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Austria-Hungary | 4 November 1918 | Austria-Hungary fragmented into several successor states, including Austria and Hungary, as a result of WWI | Saint-Germain |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 29 September 1918 | Neuilly | |
Germany | Germany | 11 November 1918 | Germany was required to demilitarize the Rhineland, to reduce their army to 100,000 men, and the navy to 15,000 sailors, and to pay 132 billion gold marks (US$33 billion). Tanks, submarines, and an air force were all forbidden. | Versailles |
Hungary | Austria-Hungary | 4 November 1918 | Austria-Hungary fragmented into several successor states, including Austria and Hungary, as a result of WWI | Trianon |
Turkey | Ottoman Empire | 30 October 1918 | The Treaty of Sèvres caused resentment among the Turkish populace of the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence, after which the Treaty of Lausanne was signed. | Sèvres/Lausanne |