Rochester is a city located in Olmsted County Minnesota. Rochester has a 2024 population of 122,692. It is also the county seat of Olmsted County. Rochester is currently growing at a rate of 0.23% annually and its population has increased by 0.92% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 121,575 in 2020.
The average household income in Rochester is $113,641 with a poverty rate of 9.11%. The median age in Rochester is 36.3 years: 35.4 years for males, and 37.2 years for females.
Rochester is located along the Zumbro River in the Southeast region, and it serves as the county seat for Olmstead County. Numerous publications have named Rochester as one of the best places in the country to live, and it is also one of the most educated cities in the world.
The city’s top employer is the Mayo Clinic, which employs over 34,000 people. IBM is another top employer, providing jobs to nearly 3,000 people. Other top employers include Rochester Public Schools, the City of Rochester and Olmsted County.
Rochester has seen its population grow at a steady rate since the 19th century. The city’s population rose to over 5,000 by 1880 and had more than doubled by 1920. The city’s population reached over 50,000 at the time of the 1970 census. This number more than doubled by the 2010 census. Current estimates show that the population is up almost 7% since the last census, indicating that this city will continue to see growth into the future.
The region that is now the city of Rochester was initially inhabited by native tribes including the Sioux and Winnebago people. European explorers arrived in 1660. It wasn’t until 1853 when a treaty with the U.S. government transferred hands from the Dakota/Sioux Indians to the government.
Rochester was originally a stagecoach coach located between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. In 1854, George Head laid claims to land which now make up the central business district of Rochester. One year later, Olmsted County was established, and Rochester was designated as the county seat. In 1858, it received designation as a city. The area began to expand, and the population grew with the arrival of the Winona and St. Peter Railroad in 1864. By 1880, the city had a population of over 5,000.
The city was struck by disaster with a tornado that killed 24 and injured 100 - this same system also destroyed many buildings in the area. Dr. W.W. Mayo, the “County Doctor” and the Sisters of Saint Francis were of great assistance following the storm. Shortly after, the Sisters approached Dr. Mayo with an opportunity to build a hospital provided that Dr. Mayo and his sons would join the practice. This partnership led to St. Marys Hospital. The partnership continued to grow through the 20th century, and the Mayo Clinic was developed. Today, it is one of the most innovative medical practices in the world. Two other people from Rochester – Thomas J. Watson, Jr. and Leland Fiegel – became famous for innovation for their role at IBM, which was founded by Watson’s father.
Throughout the 20th century, the city was plagued with floods. This led to the development of a flood control system for the city, which wasn’t completed until 1996.
Today, the economy of Rochester is centered on the Mayo Clinic. The city’s population has continued to grow as has the city itself with the addition of hotels, restaurants, and retail stores. Agriculture is also important to the economy, as well as manufacturing, particularly with IBM’s Rochester campus. Numerous publications have named Rochester as one of the best places in the U.S. to live, and it is also one of the most educated cities not just in the U.S., but in the world.
According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Rochester was:
Race | Population | Percentage (of total) |
---|---|---|
White | 92,155 | 76.26% |
Black or African American | 11,088 | 9.18% |
Asian | 9,415 | 7.79% |
Two or more races | 5,877 | 4.86% |
Other race | 1,974 | 1.63% |
Native American | 233 | 0.19% |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 106 | 0.09% |
White
Black or African American
Asian
Two or more races
Other race
Native American
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Household Type | Count | Average Size | Owner | Renter |
---|---|---|---|---|
All | 50,236 | 2.35 | 65.5 | 34.5 |
Married | 23,492 | 3.09 | 84.7 | 15.3 |
Non Family | 20,694 | 1.27 | 46.2 | 53.8 |
Female | 4,200 | 3.08 | 53.5 | 46.5 |
Male | 1,850 | 3.35 | 63.6 | 36.4 |
3.01
Average Family Size
2.35
Average Household Size
65.5%
Rate of Home Ownership
Married
Male
Female
NonFamily
owner
renter
Male
Female
Education Attained | Count | Percentage |
---|---|---|
9th to 12th Grade | 2,247 | 2.75% |
Associates Degree | 9,192 | 11.25% |
Bachelors Degree | 22,237 | 27.21% |
Graduate Degree | 17,910 | 21.91% |
High School Graduate | 15,353 | 18.79% |
Less Than 9th Grade | 2,427 | 2.97% |
Some College | 12,363 | 15.13% |
Less Than 9th Grade
9th to 12th Grade
High School Graduate
Some College
Associates Degree
Bachelors Degree
Graduate Degree
High School Graduation Rate
Bachelors Rate
Race | Total | High School | Bachelors |
---|---|---|---|
White | 64,014 | 62,798 | 33,039 |
Asian | 6,536 | 5,723 | 3,990 |
Black | 5,354 | 3,597 | 955 |
Hispanic | 3,682 | 2,817 | 1,180 |
2+ Races | 2,154 | 2,016 | 1,030 |
Other Race | 1,231 | 1,196 | 457 |
Native American | 191 | 187 | 23 |
Islander | 55 | 55 | 25 |
The highest rate of high school graduation is among islander people with a rate of 100%.
The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among asian people with a rate of 61.05%.
All
Male
Female
Name | Average | Male | Female |
---|---|---|---|
Bachelors Degree | $67,378 | $69,761 | $63,664 |
Graduate Degree | $86,506 | $106,192 | $75,598 |
High School Graduate | $37,260 | $39,627 | $35,025 |
Less Than 9th Grade | $27,477 | $29,663 | $26,660 |
Overall | $56,673 | $62,120 | $53,002 |
Some College | $47,761 | $50,447 | $43,651 |
$56,673
Average Earnings
$62,120
Average Male
$53,002
Average Female
Only English
Spanish
Other Indo-European Languages
Asian and Pacific Island Languages
Other Languages
82.18% of Rochester residents speak only English, while 17.82% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Other languages, which is spoken by 5.55% of the population.
rate
Name | Total | In Poverty | Poverty Rate |
---|---|---|---|
White | 86,523 | 5,493 | 6.35% |
Black | 10,358 | 3,306 | 31.92% |
Hispanic | 6,988 | 923 | 13.21% |
Asian | 9,351 | 648 | 6.93% |
Multiple | 5,863 | 488 | 8.32% |
Other | 1,971 | 368 | 18.67% |
Native | 135 | 41 | 30.37% |
Islander | 106 | 30 | 28.3% |
9.11%
Overall Poverty Rate
8%
Male Poverty Rate
10.18%
Female Poverty Rate
The race most likely to be in poverty in Rochester is Black, with 31.92% below the poverty level.
The race least likely to be in poverty in Rochester is White, with 6.35% below the poverty level.
The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 1.38%. Among those working part-time, it was 13.93%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 17.17%.
rate
Rate | Poverty |
---|---|
Less Than 9th Grade | 24.85% |
High School | 14.86% |
Some College | 7.75% |
Bachelors or Greater | 2.76% |
rate
Rate | Poverty |
---|---|
Female Unemployed | 31.65% |
Male Unemployed | 27.65% |
Female Employed | 6.31% |
Male Employed | 4.59% |
Households
Families
MarriedFamilies
NonFamilies
Name | Median | Mean |
---|---|---|
Families | $108,759 | $139,210 |
Households | $83,973 | $113,641 |
Married Families | $122,164 | $155,731 |
Non Families | $53,914 | $72,663 |
mean
median
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
NeverMarried
50.9%
Overall Marriage Rate
52.8%
Male Marriage Rate
49.1%
Female Marriage Rate
male
female
The age group where males are most likely to be married is Over 65, while the female age group most likely to be married is 35-44.
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
NeverMarried
Second Gulf War
First Gulf War
Vietnam
Korea
World War II
5,508
Number of Veterans
5,203
Male Veterans
305
Female Veterans
War | Veterans |
---|---|
Vietnam | 1,980 |
Second Gulf War | 1,003 |
First Gulf War | 892 |
Korea | 428 |
World War II | 234 |
count
Age Group | Veterans |
---|---|
75+ | 1,691 |
65 to 74 | 1,308 |
35 to 54 | 990 |
55 to 64 | 963 |
18 to 34 | 556 |
count
Name | Veterans | % of Total |
---|---|---|
White | 4,865 | 6.61% |
Black | 349 | 5.29% |
Hispanic | 137 | 3% |
Asian | 110 | 1.51% |
Other Race | 102 | 6.83% |
2+ Races | 75 | 2.5% |
Native American | 7 | 3.32% |
Less Than 9th Grade
High School Graduate
Some College
Bachelors or Greater
6.75%
Veteran Poverty Rate
23.62%
Veteran Disability Rate
LaborForceParticipation
70.9%
Labor Force Participation
68.2%
Employment Rate
3.7%
Unemployment Rate
LaborForceParticipation
LaborForceParticipation
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Latin America
North America
Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Latin America
North America
54.13%
Born in Rochester
86.02%
Native Born
13.98%
Foreign Born
6.48%
Non Citizen
7.5%
Naturalized
86.02% of Rochester residents were born in the United States, with 54.13% having been born in Minnesota. 6.48% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Asia.
Year | Population | Growth | Change |
---|---|---|---|
2029 | 124,088 | 279 | 0.23% |
2028 | 123,809 | 279 | 0.23% |
2027 | 123,530 | 280 | 0.23% |
2026 | 123,250 | 279 | 0.23% |
2025 | 122,971 | 279 | 0.23% |
2024 | 122,692 | 279 | 0.23% |
2023 | 122,413 | 517 | 0.42% |
2022 | 121,896 | 57 | 0.05% |
2021 | 121,839 | 264 | 0.22% |
2020 | 121,575 | 2,723 | 2.29% |
2019 | 118,852 | 1,770 | 1.51% |
2018 | 117,082 | 1,384 | 1.2% |
2017 | 115,698 | 1,520 | 1.33% |
2016 | 114,178 | 1,950 | 1.74% |
2015 | 112,228 | 969 | 0.87% |
2014 | 111,259 | 787 | 0.71% |
2013 | 110,472 | 1,529 | 1.4% |
2012 | 108,943 | 829 | 0.77% |
2011 | 108,114 | 1,064 | 0.99% |
2010 | 107,050 | 0 | 0% |
2000 | 85,806 | 15,061 | 21.29% |
1990 | 70,745 | 12,839 | 22.17% |
1980 | 57,906 | 4,140 | 7.7% |
1970 | 53,766 | 13,103 | 32.22% |
1960 | 40,663 | 10,778 | 36.06% |
1950 | 29,885 | 3,573 | 13.58% |
1940 | 26,312 | 5,691 | 27.6% |
1930 | 20,621 | 6,899 | 50.28% |
1920 | 13,722 | 5,878 | 74.94% |
1910 | 7,844 | 1,001 | 14.63% |
1900 | 6,843 | 1,522 | 28.6% |
1890 | 5,321 | 218 | 4.27% |
1880 | 5,103 | 1,150 | 29.09% |
1870 | 3,953 | -120,135 | -96.81% |