Voting

Most Gerrymandered States 2025

Among the most Gerrymandered

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State
Among the most Gerrymandered 2024
Efficiency Gap (Michigan State University) 2024
Party Favored 2024
Party Favored
Princeton Redistricting Report Card 2021
California Flag
California52-3.75DemocratB
Texas Flag
Texas382.26RepublicanRepublicanF
Florida Flag
Florida283.85RepublicanF
New York Flag
New York26-0.91DemocratA
Illinois Flag
Illinois17-2.67DemocratF
Pennsylvania Flag
Pennsylvania170.48RepublicanRepublicanB
Ohio Flag
Ohio151.6RepublicanRepublicanD
Georgia Flag
Georgia141.56RepublicanF
North Carolina Flag
North Carolina143.25RepublicanRepublican
Michigan Flag
Michigan13-0.16DemocratA
New Jersey Flag
New Jersey12-1.86DemocratA
Virginia Flag
Virginia11-0.14DemocratA
Washington Flag
Washington10-0.09DemocratA
Arizona Flag
Arizona90.77RepublicanA
Indiana Flag
Indiana91.2RepublicanA
Massachusetts Flag
Massachusetts9-1.32DemocratA
Tennessee Flag
Tennessee91.3RepublicanF
Colorado Flag
Colorado8-0.14DemocratA
Maryland Flag
Maryland8-0.45DemocratDemocratB
Minnesota Flag
Minnesota8noneA
Missouri Flag
Missouri81.08RepublicanA
Wisconsin Flag
Wisconsin81.53RepublicanRepublicanF
Alabama Flag
Alabama7-0.1DemocratA
South Carolina Flag
South Carolina71.53RepublicanF
Kentucky Flag
Kentucky60.49RepublicanRepublicanA
Louisiana Flag
Louisiana6-0.02DemocratRepublicanF
Oregon Flag
Oregon6-0.31DemocratD
Connecticut Flag
Connecticut5-1.23DemocratA
Oklahoma Flag
Oklahoma50.87RepublicanC
Arkansas Flag
Arkansas40.81RepublicanRepublicanC
Iowa Flag
Iowa40.97RepublicanB
Kansas Flag
Kansas40.59RepublicanF
Mississippi Flag
Mississippi40.51RepublicanC
Nevada Flag
Nevada4-0.86DemocratF
Utah Flag
Utah40.69RepublicanRepublicanF
Nebraska Flag
Nebraska30.32RepublicanA
New Mexico Flag
New Mexico3-1.09DemocratD
Hawaii Flag
Hawaii2-0.25DemocratA
Idaho Flag
Idaho20.35RepublicanA
Maine Flag
Maine20.05RepublicanB
Montana Flag
Montana20.48RepublicanA
New Hampshire Flag
New Hampshire2-0.05DemocratB
Rhode Island Flag
Rhode Island2-0.56DemocratA
West Virginia Flag
West Virginia20.16RepublicanRepublican
Alaska Flag
AlaskaIns
North Dakota Flag
North DakotaIns
Vermont Flag
VermontIns
  • Maps adjusted in 2025 have not yet been fully analyzed by sources and are not yet reflected in the data shown.
  • In many states, maps drawn after the 2020 census are mired in legal challenges and may or may not be in effect.
  • Ordinarily, voting maps are updated and redrawn every ten years, following the release of updated census data (the census takes place at the start of each decade (2010, 2020, 2030 …). However, redistricting may occur outside of this schedule. One notable example is Texas’ 2025 redistricting, which was undertaken to ensure more Republican candidates were elected to the US House of Representatives, and which triggered redistricting efforts in several additional states, both liberal and conservative.
  • All data shown are subject to change based upon additional updates and the outcome of legal challenges.
  • The Michigan State University (MSU) Institute for Public Policy and Social Research evaluates the fairness/gerrymanderedness of an electoral map using four distinct statistical methods:
    1. “Efficency Gap” rule. The difference between the two parties’ seat-shares should be twice their vote-share difference. For example, if one party gets 60% of the vote and the other gets 40% (a 20% vote-share difference), they should split seats 70%-30% (a 40% seat-share difference).
    1. “Quadratic” rule. In this calculation of fairness, the minority party gets seat-share equal to twice the mathematical square of its vote-share. For example, if one party gets 60% of the vote, and the other party gets 40%, the second party should get 2*(40%)(40%)=2(16%) = 32% of the seats and thus the majority one should get 68% of the seats.
    1. “Cubic” rule. Seat-shares follow a more complicated cubic function of statewide vote-share, one that fits the historical pattern well. In particular, the ratio of seat shares (one party’s seat-share divided by other party’s seat-share) should be the cube of their ratio of vote-shares.
    1. “Jurisdictional” rule. A party should win seats in proportion to the population in jurisdictions (such as counties and cities) in which that party won more votes than any other party.
  • In all four MSU data indicators, positive numbers denote an advantage for Republican canditates and negative numbers for the Democratic party. The last two columns indicate the number of seats each party would get under the maps used in the 2024 congressional election.
  • Princeton University’s Gerrymandering Project conducts nonpartisan analysis to understand and eliminate partisan gerrymandering at a state-by-state level.
  • Princeton’s report card gives an overall letter grade as well as separate grades for congressional, senate, house, and combined senate-house/unicameral districting. Scores for states with unicameral or combined districts will be displayed in both the Senate and House columns.
  • Princeton report card letter grades correspond to the following values: A: Good, B: Better than average with some bias, C: Average, D/F: Poor, and Ins: Insufficient Data.
  • Not every state in which the proportion of Rep/Dem representives differs from the Rep/Dem makeup of the population is gerrymandered. For example, Maryland is roughly 60% Democratic, but its representatives are often 100% Democratic. However, the state is not gerrymandered because both democrats and republicans are evenly spread across the state, making it impossible to draw districts that favor the Republican minority.