Cleveland, Ohio Population 2023

360,040

Cleveland is a city located in Cuyahoga County Ohio. Cleveland has a 2023 population of 360,040. It is also the county seat of Cuyahoga County.Cleveland is currently declining at a rate of -1.09% annually and its population has decreased by -3.22% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 372,032 in 2020.

The average household income in Cleveland is $49,942 with a poverty rate of 31.36%. The median rental costs in recent years comes to - per month, and the median house value is -. The median age in Cleveland is 36.2 years, 35.7 years for males, and 36.8 years for females.

Cleveland, or The Forest City, is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie about 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border.

Population Size and Density in Cleveland Metro

Cleveland has an estimated population of {pop}, down from 396,000 at the 2010 census and its record high of 914,000 in 1950. The city proper has a population density of 5,107 people per square mile. The Greater Cleveland Metro area is the 28th largest metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. with a population of just over 2 million. The larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton Combined Statistical Area (CSA) has a population of 3.5 million, and it is the 15th largest CSA in the country.

Cleveland Diversity

Major ethnic groups include German (9.2%), Irish (8.2%), Poles (4.8%), Italians (4.6%), and English (2.8%). 4.5% of Cleveland's population was foreign-born as of 2000, with 41% born in Europe, 29% born in Asia, 22% born in Latin America, 5% in Africa and 1.9% in North America.

Cleveland is also home to several small communities of Slovaks, Slovenes, French, Hungarians, Arabs, Dutch, Czechs, Ukrainians, Scottish, Russian, Scotch Irish, Croats, Puerto Ricans, West Indians, Romanians, Greeks, and Lithuanians. At one time, Cleveland had the highest number of Hungarians outside of Budapest. Between just 1920 and 1960, the black population in the city rose from 35,000 to 251,000.

Cleveland Population Growth

Between 2000 and 2010, Cleveland lost 17% of its population, and some neighborhoods -- including Glenville and Hough -- lost up to 38% of their population between 2000 and 2007, although downtown Cleveland has gained population. This puts Cleveland in the same category as Youngstown, Ohio, and Detroit in terms of population decline.

Despite the bleak picture, Cleveland has been revitalizing its downtown area since the 1990s and more than $3.5 billion has been invested in redeveloping the area. Forbes recently ranked Cleveland as one of the top 15 emerging downtown cities in the country. In 2013, downtown Cleveland also saw record growth, both in terms of its economy and population. The city's core daily population has reached 125,000, which is the highest ever for the city.

Cleveland got its start in 1796, when surveyors for the Connecticut Land Company laid out the area into townships and a capital they called "Cleaveland" after the leader, General Moses Cleaveland. The village of Cleaveland was incorporated in 1814, and its prime waterfront location quickly presented itself as an advantage. The region proliferated after the Ohio and Erie Canal was completed in 1832, linking the Ohio River and the Great Lakes to Cleveland and the Atlantic Ocean. Growth picked up even further when the railroad links were added, and it was incorporated as a city in 1836.

With its prime location, Cleveland served as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes, which helped it develop as a significant commercial center. It also became important in the American manufacturing industry at the beginning of the 20th century. Cleveland reached a population peak of 914,000 in 1950, but by the 1960s the economy had slowed, and residents fled to the suburbs.

After years of decline, Cleveland is today viewed as a great example of revitalization, and it now ranks as one of the most livable cities in the United States.

Cleveland Demographics

According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Cleveland was:

  • Black or African American: 47.37%
  • White: 38.61%
  • Two or more races: 7.13%
  • Other race: 3.9%
  • Asian: 2.49%
  • Native American: 0.48%
  • Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 0.03%
State
Ohio
Land Area (mi²)
77.7 sq mi
Density (mi²)
4,634.10/sq mi
Growth Rate
-1.09% (-3,954)
Growth Since 2020
-3.22% (-11,992)
The current population of Cleveland, Ohio is 360,040 based on our projections of the latest US Census estimates.The last official US Census in 2020 recorded the population at 372,032.

Cleveland, Ohio Population 2023

Population by Race

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Black or African American

White

Two or more races

Other race

Asian

Native American

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Cleveland Population by Race

Cleveland Population Pyramid 2023

Cleveland Median Age

36.2

Total

35.7

Male

36.8

Female

Cleveland Adults

There are 293,229 adults, (53,036 of whom are seniors) in Cleveland.

Cleveland Age Dependency

56.1

Age Dependency Ratio

22.1

Old Age Dependency Ratio

34

Child Dependency Ratio

Cleveland Sex Ratio

Female194,11151.78%
Male180,75048.22%

Cleveland Population by Age

Cleveland Renter vs Owner Occupied by Household Type

3.17

Average Family Size

2.15

Average Household Size

41.2%

Rate of Home Ownership

Married

Male

Female

NonFamily

owner

renter

Cleveland Households and Families

Male

Female

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Less Than 9th Grade

9th to 12th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Associates Degree

Bachelors Degree

Graduate Degree

Cleveland Educational Attainment by Sex (over 25)

Cleveland Educational Attainment by Race

High School Graduation Rate

Bachelors Rate

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The highest rate of high school graduation is among white people with a rate of 76.48%.

The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among asian people with a rate of 34.95%.

Cleveland Educational Attainment by Race

All

Male

Female

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$32,162

Average Earnings

$34,914

Average Male

$29,578

Average Female

Cleveland Earnings by Educational Attainment

Cleveland Language by Age

Only English

Spanish

Other Indo-European Languages

Asian and Pacific Island Languages

Other Languages

Cleveland Language

85.39% of Cleveland residents speak only English, while 14.61% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 9.17% of the population.

Cleveland Language

Cleveland Poverty by Race

rate

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31.36%

Overall Poverty Rate

30.23%

Male Poverty Rate

32.41%

Female Poverty Rate

Poverty in Cleveland

The race most likely to be in poverty in Cleveland is Islander, with 158% below the poverty level.

The race least likely to be in poverty in Cleveland is White, with 21.91% below the poverty level.

The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 5.71%. Among those working part-time, it was 32.44%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 45.15%.

Cleveland Poverty

rate

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Cleveland Poverty Rate by Education

rate

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Cleveland Poverty Rate by Employment Status and Sex

Cleveland Income by Household Type

Households

Families

MarriedFamilies

NonFamilies

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mean

median

Income by Household Type

Cleveland Marital Status

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Marriage Rates

24.0%

Overall Marriage Rate

25.2%

Male Marriage Rate

22.8%

Female Marriage Rate

Cleveland Married by Age and Sex

male

female

Cleveland Marriage

The age group where males are most likely to be married is Over 65, while the female age group most likely to be married is 45-54.

Cleveland Marital Status by Race

Married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

NeverMarried

Cleveland Marital Status

Second Gulf War

First Gulf War

Vietnam

Korea

World War II

17,030

Number of Veterans

15,559

Male Veterans

1,471

Female Veterans

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Cleveland Veterans by War

count

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Cleveland Veterans by Age

count

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Cleveland Veterans by Race

Cleveland Veterans by Education

Less Than 9th Grade

High School Graduate

Some College

Bachelors or Greater

18.32%

Veteran Poverty Rate

34.88%

Veteran Disability Rate

Cleveland Veterans by Education

LaborForceParticipation

59.4%

Labor Force Participation

52%

Employment Rate

12.4%

Unemployment Rate

Cleveland Employment by Age

LaborForceParticipation

Cleveland Employment by Race

LaborForceParticipation

Cleveland Employment by Education

Origin of Non-Citizens

Europe

Asia

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.

Origin of Naturalized Citizens

Europe

Asia

Africa

Oceania

Latin America

North America

74.06%

Born in Cleveland

95.79%

Native Born

6.08%

Foreign Born

3.1%

Non Citizen

2.98%

Naturalized

Place of Birth

95.79% of Cleveland residents were born in the United States, with 74.06% having been born in Ohio. 3.1% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Asia.

Cleveland Place of Birth

Note: data after 2021 is projected based on recent change

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Cleveland Population by Year