According to current projections, Somalia’s population will rapidly increase for the rest of the century, ending 2099 with about 75.03 million people. With a current population of about 15.89 million, this means that the population will be nearly five times higher in 80 years than it is today.
Somalia’s population growth rate is 2.92%, which has increased every year since 2015. Despite negative net migration, this rate adds about 450,000 people to the population. Additionally, Somalia’s fertility rate is extremely high at 6.12 births per woman.
Somalia’s rapid population growth puts a strain on the country’s poor health care and instability. Additionally, research shows that in countries where 60% of the population is under 30, like Somalia (70%), the risk of civil conflicts is much higher.
| Somalia Population (as of 11/25/2023) | 18,368,954 |
| Last UN Estimate (July 1, 2023) | 18,143,378 |
| Births per Day | 2,121 |
| Deaths per Day | 515 |
| Migrations per Day | -82 |
| Net Change per Day | 1,524 |
| Population Change Since Jan. 1 | 501,396 |
Net increase of 1 person every 57 seconds
Population estimates based on interpolation of data from World Population Prospects
| One birth every 41 seconds | |
| One death every 2.8 minutes | |
| One emigrant every 17.57 minutes | |
| Net gain of one person every 57 seconds |
City | Population |
|---|---|
| Mogadishu | 2,587,183 |
| Hargeysa | 477,876 |
| Berbera | 242,344 |
| Kismayo | 234,852 |
| Marka | 230,100 |
| Jamaame | 185,270 |
| Baidoa | 129,839 |
| Burao | 99,270 |
| Bosaso | 74,287 |
| Afgooye | 65,461 |
This country occupies approximately 246,200 square miles (637,657 square kilometers) of area in Africa, on the eastern coast which borders the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. When calculated with the 2019 population of 15.44 million people, the population density is 62.7 people per square mile (24.2 people per square kilometer) which ranks 155th in the world.
There are three cities in Somalia with a population over 1 million: the capital, Mogadishu, is the largest with 2,425,000 citizens, Beledweyne with 1,947,000, and Baidoa with 1,400,000. Mogadishu is an extremely old and beautiful city, with white beaches that have earned the city the nickname white pearl. The civil war of 1990 was devastating for Mogadishu and the city is still rebuilding. Beledweyne is located 340 miles north of Mogadishu close to the Ethiopian border. Baidoa is found on the south side of the country and is home to much of the country's history and the famous University of Southern Somalia. There are a few other significantly sized cities with populations over 500,000 including Hargeisa, Beled Hawo, and Garoowe.
Year | Population | Growth Rate | Density (km²) | Population Rank | Density Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 | 2,529,910 | 2.71% | 4.03 | 104 | 199 |
| 1960 | 2,870,732 | 2.56% | 4.58 | 104 | 198 |
| 1965 | 3,267,593 | 2.62% | 5.21 | 102 | 197 |
| 1970 | 3,720,977 | 2.63% | 5.93 | 100 | 199 |
| 1975 | 4,228,289 | 2.59% | 6.74 | 98 | 199 |
| 1980 | 5,892,224 | 6.86% | 9.39 | 85 | 195 |
| 1985 | 6,630,637 | 2.39% | 10.57 | 85 | 195 |
| 1990 | 6,999,096 | 1.09% | 11.16 | 89 | 196 |
| 1995 | 7,210,930 | 0.6% | 11.49 | 90 | 199 |
| 2000 | 8,721,465 | 3.88% | 13.90 | 82 | 194 |
| 2005 | 10,467,292 | 3.72% | 16.69 | 77 | 192 |
| 2010 | 12,026,649 | 2.82% | 19.17 | 73 | 189 |
| 2015 | 13,763,906 | 2.73% | 21.94 | 74 | 189 |
| 2017 | 14,864,221 | 4% | 23.69 | 73 | 189 |
| 2018 | 15,411,094 | 3.68% | 24.57 | 73 | 188 |
| 2019 | 15,981,300 | 3.7% | 25.47 | 73 | 186 |
| 2020 | 16,537,016 | 3.48% | 26.36 | 71 | 183 |
| 2022 | 17,597,511 | 3.43% | 28.05 | 70 | 183 |
| 2023 | 18,143,378 | 3.32% | 28.92 | 69 | 183 |
Year | Population | Growth Rate | Density (km²) | Population Rank | Density Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 18,143,378 | 3.32% | 28.92 | 69 | 183 |
| 2024 | 18,706,922 | 3.2% | 29.82 | 68 | 182 |
| 2025 | 19,281,903 | 3.12% | 30.74 | 68 | 182 |
| 2030 | 22,316,857 | 2.97% | 35.57 | 64 | 181 |
| 2035 | 25,606,196 | 2.79% | 40.82 | 63 | 175 |
| 2040 | 29,094,714 | 2.59% | 46.38 | 62 | 170 |
| 2045 | 32,734,341 | 2.38% | 52.18 | 61 | 167 |
| 2050 | 36,462,830 | 2.18% | 58.12 | 57 | 163 |
| 2055 | 40,210,639 | 1.98% | 64.10 | 54 | 157 |
| 2060 | 43,912,900 | 1.78% | 70.00 | 49 | 155 |
| 2065 | 47,512,003 | 1.59% | 75.74 | 47 | 152 |
| 2070 | 50,967,024 | 1.41% | 81.24 | 44 | 146 |
| 2075 | 54,239,537 | 1.25% | 86.46 | 42 | 140 |
| 2080 | 57,264,688 | 1.09% | 91.28 | 39 | 133 |
| 2085 | 60,016,254 | 0.94% | 95.67 | 39 | 131 |
| 2090 | 62,464,711 | 0.8% | 99.57 | 38 | 126 |
| 2095 | 64,578,676 | 0.67% | 102.94 | 38 | 123 |
18.5
Total
18.7
Male
18.3
Female
There are people over age 18 in Somalia.
Year | Date |
|---|---|
| 1987 | 15 February 1987 |
Around 85% of its people are ethnic Somalis, who have inhabited the region historically. Ethnic minorities make up the rest of the population and are concentrated primarily in the southern areas of Somalia. Non-Somali ethnic groups include Benadiri, Bravanese, Bantus, Ethiopians, Indians, Persians and Italians. The Bantus are the largest ethnic minority in Somalia and are descended from slaves brought by Arab traders. After the country gained independence, most Europeans left the region.
The official languages used in Somalia include Somali and Arabic. Italian and English are also used in the region.
Most of the people are Muslims, with the majority being Sunni. Its 15.9 million population represents a huge increase from the 8.3 million people in 1975, but civil strife in the 90's increased Somali diaspora and many of the highly educated people left.
As of the 2018 World Happiness Report as presented by Wikipedia shows Somalia ranking in at number 98 on the list of participating countries, with an overall happiness rating of 4.98 out of 10.
Somalia has seen numerous issues in the last few decades, including poor governance, protracted internal conflict, underdevelopment, economic decline, poverty, social and gender inequality and more.
The median age among the population of Somalia is only 18 years of age, with a life expectancy of 52.8 years of age overall. Males are expected to live to approximately 50 years, with females expected to live approximately 54 years. The current fertility rate is holding at more than 5 children per woman, however, a disproportionately high rate of infant mortality exists - coming in with nearly 100 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
One factor that is likely strongly connected to this particular statistic, is the extremely low physician density in Somalia. According to the World Factbook, there are only .03 physicians per 1,000 individuals in the population. Oddly enough, there are at least 8 hospital beds available per 1,000 residents.
When we turn attention to the drinking water and sanitation statistics, things become even more grim. Only 31% of the population has access to clean drinking water and only 23% have access to improved sanitation facilities. This lack of hygienic access leaves the population prone to infections including Hepatitis A, E, and other diseases as well.
Humans have occupied the land of Somalia since ancient times, but it has gone through many changes in terms of leadership throughout time. The Ajuran Sultanate ruled the region from the 13th century until Egypt, France, and Italy began to occupy different parts of the land in the mid-late 1800s. Somalia gained independence from all of those nations in the mid-1900s after many border negotiations.
Soon after their independence, Somali encountered problems of its own when a drought caused thousands to die of starvation in 1975, and Somalia invaded Ethiopia to oppose their regime in the 1980s. In 1993 Somalia shot down two US helicopters, which ignited a battle that killed hundreds of Somalians. In December of 2004, a Tsunami displaced 10,000 along the coast. Famine killed over a quarter-million people between 2010-2012.