Federal Aid by State 2025
State | Federal Share of State Government Revenue (Aid Received) 2023↓ | Federal Tax Dollars Paid per Dollar of Support Received 2023 | Collective Tax Revenue Paid by State 2023 | Federal Share of State Revenue 2022 | Ratio of Funding to Income Taxes Paid 2022 | % of Workers Employed by Federal Government 2022 | Balance of Payments (State & Federal) 2022 | Per Capita Balance of Payments 2022 | Balance of Payments without COVID 2022 | Per Capita Balance of Payments without COVID 2022 | Balance of Payments 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | California | $116.8B | $5.03 | $587.6B | 32.11% | 0.43 | 1.89% | $-88.1B | -$2,129 | $-126.5B | -$3,239 | $199.9B |
 | Texas | $88.8B | $3.52 | $312.1B | 41.48% | 0.6 | 2.1% | $71.1B | $2,366 | $44.6B | $1,486 | $201.3B |
 | New York | $83.9B | $3.94 | $330.1B | 37.66% | 0.56 | 1.74% | $-7.1B | -$361 | $-44.3B | -$2,253 | $137B |
 | Pennsylvania | $46.3B | $3.34 | $154.3B | 39.05% | 0.75 | 1.93% | $47.5B | $3,663 | $35.5B | $2,740 | $117.3B |
 | Florida | $43.7B | $5.78 | $252.3B | 36.77% | 0.37 | 1.99% | $41.2B | $1,859 | $17.9B | $805 | $199.9B |
 | Ohio | $35.9B | $4.54 | $163.1B | 39.72% | 0.88 | 1.8% | $50B | $4,250 | $36.7B | $3,121 | $101.2B |
 | Illinois | $31.3B | $5.88 | $183.7B | 32.38% | 0.46 | 1.72% | $-2.6B | -$209 | $-16.5B | -$1,313 | $87.9B |
 | Michigan | $29.5B | $3.19 | $94.1B | 38.66% | 0.86 | 1.49% | $39.6B | $3,946 | $27B | $2,689 | $88B |
 | North Carolina | $28.1B | $3.81 | $107.1B | 36.46% | 0.67 | 2.07% | $53B | $5,959 | $40.2B | $3,763 | $87.1B |
 | Massachusetts | $27.6B | $5.23 | $144.3B | 33.28% | 0.41 | 1.61% | $-27.0B | -$3,873 | $-33.8B | -$4,846 | $28.4B |
 | Georgia | $26.3B | $4.08 | $107.3B | 37.12% | 0.52 | 2.82% | $35.7B | $3,268 | $22.5B | $2,059 | $98B |
 | Arizona | $25.6B | $2.26 | $57.7B | 47.44% | 0.88 | 2.54% | $42.3B | $5,793 | $32.7B | $4,439 | $72.6B |
 | New Jersey | $24.9B | $6.28 | $156.2B | 28.56% | 0.35 | 1.71% | $-28.9B | -$3,123 | $-40.2B | -$4,344 | $30.3B |
 | Virginia | $24.1B | $4.48 | $108.1B | 29.28% | 0.45 | 7.91% | $107.6B | $12,392 | $100.5B | $11,577 | $139.6B |
 | Indiana | $22.3B | $2.92 | $65.2B | 39.99% | 1.16 | 1.58% | $30.1B | $4,408 | $22.8B | $3,333 | $57.5B |
 | Washington | $21.1B | $5.68 | $119.9B | 29.45% | 0.35 | 2.94% | $-17.8B | -$2,289 | $-27.2B | -$3,494 | $29.7B |
 | Louisiana | $20.9B | $1.88 | $39.4B | 52.27% | 1.6 | 2.13% | $34.5B | $7,522 | $29.1B | $6,352 | $62.3B |
 | Maryland | $19.4B | $4.59 | $88.9B | 33.88% | 0.51 | 10.12% | $80.9B | $13,119 | $75.6B | $12,265 | $107.8B |
 | Kentucky | $18.1B | $2.03 | $36.7B | 44.55% | 1.68 | 2.14% | $43.7B | $9,688 | $38.5B | $8,524 | $59.9B |
 | Tennessee | $17.3B | $4.75 | $82.4B | 40.28% | 0.69 | 2.32% | $32.4B | $4,593 | $22.7B | $3,220 | $57.9B |
 | Alabama | $15.9B | $1.92 | $30.4B | 41.2% | 1.25 | 3.33% | $47.3B | $9,316 | $41.4B | $8,167 | $64.2B |
 | Minnesota | $15.7B | $6.88 | $108.3B | 31.49% | 0.58 | 1.45% | $-4.5B | -$779 | $-10.8B | -$1,890 | $29B |
 | Missouri | $15.4B | $4.84 | $74.5B | 45.47% | 0.85 | 2.28% | $33.3B | $5,398 | $26.5B | $4,294 | $60.3B |
 | Colorado | $14.4B | $4.76 | $68.5B | 34.34% | 0.38 | 2.67% | $-3.0B | -$511 | $-9.6B | -$1,650 | $29.6B |
 | Wisconsin | $14.2B | $4.33 | $61.6B | 31.88% | 0.64 | 1.33% | $15.8B | $2,679 | $8.2B | $1,393 | $38.6B |
 | Oregon | $13.8B | $2.91 | $40.1B | 36.87% | 0.81 | 1.79% | $12.7B | $2,990 | $8.5B | $2,009 | $33.3B |
 | South Carolina | $13B | $2.39 | $31.1B | 38.61% | 0.85 | 2.38% | $34.9B | $6,600 | $29.7B | $5,622 | $54.7B |
 | Connecticut | $12.8B | $4.72 | $60.3B | 31.56% | 0.38 | 1.47% | $-1.9B | -$516 | $-5.6B | -$1,544 | $17.8B |
 | New Mexico | $12.1B | $0.85 | $10.3B | 41.8% | 1.87 | 6.06% | $33.4B | $15,817 | $31.2B | $14,781 | $39.7B |
 | Arkansas | $10.7B | $3.35 | $36B | 39.68% | 3.39 | 1.97% | $21B | $6,884 | $17.2B | $5,640 | $31.4B |
 | Mississippi | $10.6B | $1.19 | $12.7B | 47.31% | 2.53 | 3.23% | $30.6B | $10,408 | $26.7B | $9,077 | $42.2B |
 | Oklahoma | $10.4B | $2.76 | $28.6B | 37.24% | 1.05 | 4.2% | $31.8B | $7,908 | $26.5B | $6,591 | $41.6B |
 | Iowa | $8.5B | $3.35 | $28.3B | 30.1% | 0.99 | 1.59% | $9.9B | $3,100 | $6.5B | $2,044 | $24.4B |
 | Utah | $7.4B | $4.26 | $31.5B | 27.27% | 0.54 | 2.86% | $-709.0M | -$210 | $-4.6B | -$1,373 | $10.2B |
 | West Virginia | $6.9B | $1.04 | $7.1B | 45.16% | 2.36 | 4.08% | $20.9B | $11,799 | $18.3B | $10,315 | $25B |
 | Kansas | $6.6B | $4.41 | $29.2B | 27.97% | 0.64 | 2.46% | $10.5B | $3,570 | $6.8B | $2,322 | $20.7B |
 | Nevada | $6.6B | $4.37 | $28.8B | 34.27% | 0.46 | 2.19% | $570M | $179 | $-2.3B | -$727 | $23.3B |
 | Rhode Island | $6.5B | $2.55 | $16.5B | 43.72% | 1.02 | 2.36% | $5.3B | $4,886 | $3.9B | $3,589 | $11B |
 | Hawaii | $6B | $1.59 | $9.5B | 27.13% | 0.87 | 6.88% | $12.5B | $8,696 | $10.9B | $7,605 | $20.2B |
 | Nebraska | $5.5B | $5.16 | $28.5B | 38.04% | 0.77 | 2.12% | $2.6B | $1,338 | $333M | $169 | $11.8B |
 | Delaware | $5.3B | $6.09 | $32.4B | 38.79% | 1.2 | 2.42% | $4.8B | $4,697 | $3.5B | $3,403 | $9.2B |
 | Alaska | $5.3B | $1.09 | $5.8B | 50.83% | 1.62 | 6.83% | $9B | $12,257 | $7.3B | $9,993 | $11.3B |
 | Idaho | $5.2B | $2.73 | $14.1B | 41.08% | 0.91 | 2.75% | $6.1B | $3,164 | $3.6B | $1,841 | $11.8B |
 | Montana | $5.1B | $1.53 | $7.8B | 46.58% | 1.04 | 3.54% | $5.6B | $5,011 | $4B | $3,536 | $10B |
 | Maine | $4.9B | $2 | $9.8B | 43.27% | 1.19 | 2.31% | $10.5B | $7,555 | $8.7B | $6,287 | $15.2B |
 | New Hampshire | $4.1B | $3.53 | $14.5B | 47.42% | 0.56 | 2.31% | $-2.4B | -$1,736 | $-4.3B | -$3,086 | $4B |
 | North Dakota | $3.8B | $2.02 | $7.6B | 34.74% | 1.06 | 2.91% | $2.7B | $3,409 | $1.6B | $2,009 | $7.7B |
 | Wyoming | $3.1B | $1.96 | $6.1B | 56.43% | 1.36 | 3.37% | $287M | $493 | $-776.0M | -$1,335 | $3.5B |
 | Vermont | $2.7B | $1.86 | $5B | 43.55% | 1.53 | 2.27% | $3.4B | $5,225 | $2.1B | $3,304 | $6.5B |
 | South Dakota | $2B | $5.66 | $11.5B | 50.93% | 1.04 | 3.14% | $3.4B | $3,691 | $2B | $2,196 | $7.2B |
- Balance of Payment levels expressed as a negative number indicate states, such as Connecticut in 2022, that paid more in taxes to the federal government than they received in funding.
- Data for 2021 and 2022 are listed both with and without COVID-19 relief, which had a disproportionate impact on the taxes-to-funding ratios of states such as New York and California, which include large population centers.
Federal aid is allocated to states for a variety of purposes. After the federal government generates revenue from taxes, it is redistributed to the states based on need. Not all states benefit equally from this redistribution. Federal aid is distributed to states for transportation, public education, Medicaid, community development, and other programs vital to residents.
States that receive more federal aid tend to have poorer populations, lower tax revenues, and have more assistance programs such as Medicaid. States with higher income residents tend to receive less federal aid. Federal aid can be allocated in the form of competitive grants, which are likely to fluctuate from year to year. Federal aid is also awarded from formula grants that incorporate population and poverty statistics. California receives the highest total amount of federal funding at $43.61 billion. California, however, only receives net federal funding of $12 per resident.
Net federal funding per resident is the amount that a state received per capita from the government minus the amount that residents and organizations paid the government per capita. Virginia has the highest net federal funding per resident at $10,301 per resident. Unlike the previously mentioned trend, Virginia receives disproportionately high federal aid despite being one of the U.S.’s wealthier states. This could be attributed to their large defense contracting sectors. On the opposite end, some states have negative net federal funding. These states have paid to the federal government in taxes more than they receive back in aid. New Jersey has the largest negative net federal funding of -$2,368 per resident, followed by Massachusetts with -$2,343 per resident.
