Adoption Requirements by State 2025
State | Minimum Age↓ | Residence Requirements | LGBT Restrictions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Connecticut | None | None | None |
 | District of Columbia | None | None | None |
 | Indiana | None | Must be a resident; exceptions apply | None |
 | Maine | None | None | None |
 | Michigan | None | None | None |
 | Minnesota | None | Must be a Minnesota resident for 12+ months | None |
 | Missouri | None | None | None |
 | New Mexico | None | Must be a resident; exceptions apply | None |
 | Oregon | None | Must be an Oregon resident for 6+ months | None |
 | Pennsylvania | None | None | None |
 | South Carolina | None | Must be a resident; exceptions apply | None |
 | Vermont | None | None | None |
 | Virginia | None | None | None |
 | West Virginia | None | None | None |
 | South Dakota | Must be at least 10 years older than adoptee | None | None |
 | New York | Must be an adult (at least 18 years old) | None | None |
 | California | Adult and at least 10 years older than adoptee | None | None |
 | Nevada | Adult and at least 10 years older than adoptee | None | None |
 | Utah | Adult and 10 years older than adoptee | Unmarried cohabiting couples cannot adopt | None |
 | Alaska | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Arkansas | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Florida | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Hawaii | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Iowa | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Mississippi | Adult (single parent adoption) | Must be a Mississippi resident for 6+ months | None |
 | New Hampshire | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | North Dakota | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Ohio | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Wisconsin | Adult (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Alabama | Adult | None | None |
 | Arizona | Adult | Must be a resident of Arizona | None |
 | Illinois | Adult | Must be an Illinois resident for 6+ months | None |
 | Kansas | Adult | None | None |
 | Maryland | Adult | None | None |
 | Massachusetts | Adult | None | None |
 | Nebraska | Adult | None | None |
 | North Carolina | Adult | None | None |
 | Rhode Island | Adult | None | None |
 | Texas | Adult | None | None |
 | Wyoming | Adult | Must be a Wyoming resident for 60+ days | None |
 | Idaho | 25 or at least 15 years older than adoptee | None | None |
 | Georgia | 25 and at least 10 years older than adoptee | Must be a Georgia resident for 6+ months | None |
 | Colorado | 21 | None | None |
 | Delaware | 21 | Must be a resident of Delaware | None |
 | Oklahoma | 21 | None | None |
 | New Jersey | 18 and at least 10 years older than adoptee | None | None |
 | Kentucky | 18 (waived if residence requirement met) | Must be Kentucky resident for 12+ months (waived if age requirement met) | None |
 | Louisiana | 18 (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Montana | 18 (single parent adoption) | None | None |
 | Tennessee | 18 | Must be a Tennessee resident for 6+ months | None |
 | Washington | 18 | None | None |
Adopting a child is a significant decision that comes with various requirements and regulations, often varying from state to state. Understanding these requirements is crucial for individuals or couples considering adoption, as they navigate the process of expanding their families through adoption. While each state has its own set of adoption criteria, there are some general guidelines that prospective adoptive parents should be aware of before beginning their adoption journey.
General Guidelines for Adoption
Across the United States, there are some common requirements that prospective adoptive parents must typically meet, regardless of the state in which they reside. These may include:
Age Requirement: Most states require prospective adoptive parents to be at least 18 or 21 years old. Additionally, some states may have age differences between the adoptive parent(s) and the child, ranging from 10 to 15 years.
Residency Requirement: Many states have residency requirements, mandating that adoptive parents reside within the state for a certain period before they can adopt. Residency periods can vary widely, from a few months to a year or more.
Marital Status: While some states allow both single individuals and married couples to adopt, others may have specific regulations regarding the marital status of prospective adoptive parents. Additionally, some states may restrict adoption by unmarried cohabiting couples.
Adoption Agencies: Working with licensed adoption agencies or attorneys is often a requirement in the adoption process. These professionals help guide prospective adoptive parents through the legal and logistical aspects of adoption, ensuring compliance with state laws and regulations.
State-Specific Examples
While the above guidelines provide a broad overview of adoption requirements, it’s essential to recognize that each state has its own unique regulations governing adoption. Here are a few state-specific examples to illustrate the diversity of adoption requirements across the country:
- Georgia: Prospective adoptive parents must be at least 25 years old and reside in Georgia for six or more months.
- Colorado: The minimum age requirement for adoption is 21 years old.
- California: Adoptive parents must be adults and at least 10 years older than the adoptee.
- Utah: Adoptive parents must be adults and at least 10 years older than the adoptee. Unmarried cohabiting couples are generally prohibited from adopting.
These examples highlight the variability in adoption requirements from state to state, underscoring the importance of understanding the specific regulations in the state where prospective adoptive parents reside.
Navigating the Adoption Process
Overall, navigating the adoption process involves understanding and fulfilling the requirements set forth by state laws and regulations. By familiarizing themselves with both general adoption guidelines and state-specific requirements, prospective adoptive parents can embark on their adoption journey with confidence, knowing they are well-prepared to meet the necessary criteria and provide a loving home for a child in need of adoption.
