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Alaska
633
Mississippi
591
Louisiana
573
Arkansas
556
Oklahoma
553
Alabama
491
Delaware
466
Arizona
455
Idaho
451
Texas
439
Georgia
426
Kentucky
411
Ohio
383
Missouri
379
Montana
378
Wyoming
364
South Dakota
363
Indiana
361
Florida
355
Virginia
349
Wisconsin
342
West Virginia
331
Michigan
321
Nevada
318
Oregon
312
Tennessee
308
South Carolina
293
Kansas
290
Pennsylvania
288
Hawaii
286
Nebraska
284
Connecticut
272
Colorado
270
North Carolina
268
Iowa
267
California
261
Maryland
246
New Mexico
244
Illinois
228
North Dakota
216
Rhode Island
205
Vermont
199
Washington
175
Utah
173
New York
156
New Hampshire
152
Minnesota
140
New Jersey
135
Maine
113
Massachusetts
88

Prison Population by State 2023

Prison Population by State 2023

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. This is despite the national incarceration rate being at its lowest in 20 years. About 25% of the world’s total prison population is in the United States, which holds about 1.21 million prisoners as of 2020, a 15% decrease since 2019. Mass incarceration in the United States has led to several problems. Among these are overcrowded prisons, which lead to increased health risks and decreased psychological well-being.

Additionally, the increasing number of prisoners puts a major strain on state budgets. State prisons spend as high as $69,355 per inmate (the average cost of an inmate in New York). Prisons control and administer all aspects of life for inmates, resulting in a long list of costly necessities. Costs include food, recreational activities, educational opportunities, adequate security, utility costs, infrastructure maintenance, and health care.

Mass incarceration in the United States is a civil rights issue. Many argue that incarceration dehumanizes poor people and minorities, damages already marginalized communities, and does not increase public safety. Additionally, high recidivism rates show that incarceration is ineffective and harmful to offenders, their families, the victims, and law enforcement if an offender does time without proper counseling and assimilation back into their community. Many prisoners have difficulty reestablishing relationships, finding jobs, and staying away from criminal activity after being released.

The United States has about 437 prisoners per 100,000 people as of the end of 2019, a 2.6% drop from 2018. As of 2018, the imprisonment rate of black males was 5.8 times greater than that of white males, and the imprisonment rate of black females was 1.8 times greater than that of white females. New Hampshire, Vermont, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Maine, and Massachusetts have the lowest prison incarceration rates of under 200 per 100,000 people.

The ten states with the highest prison populations in the country are Texas (1535,906), California (97,328), Florida (81,027), Georgia (47,141), Ohio (45,036), Pennsylvania (39,357), Arizona (37,731), New York (34,128), Michigan (33,617), and Virginia (31,838).

On the other end of the spectrum, the states with the lowest prison populations include Vermont, North Dakota, Maine, Wyoming, and Rhode Island.

Here are the 10 states with the highest prison populations:

  1. Alaska: 633
  2. Mississippi: 591
  3. Louisiana: 573
  4. Arkansas: 556
  5. Oklahoma: 553
  6. Alabama: 491
  7. Delaware: 466
  8. Arizona: 455
  9. Idaho: 451
  10. Texas: 439

Prison Population by State 2023

Prison Population by State 2023

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State
Prisoners (2021)
Prisoners per 100k
Prisoners (2019)
Change (Total)
Change % (Total)
Male Prisoners (2021)
Male Prisoners (2019)
Change (Male)
Change % (Male)
Female Prisoners (2021)
Female Prisoners (2019)
Change (Female)
Change % (Female)
Alaska4,6396334,4751643.66%4,1974,0491483.66%442426163.76%
Mississippi17,33259119,417-2,085-10.74%16,11618,034-1,918-10.64%1,2161,383-167-12.08%
Louisiana26,07457331,609-5,535-17.51%24,84929,920-5,071-16.95%1,2251,689-464-27.47%
Arkansas17,02255617,759-737-4.15%15,59216,188-596-3.68%1,4301,571-141-8.98%
Oklahoma22,39155325,033-2,642-10.55%20,21622,409-2,193-9.79%2,1752,624-449-17.11%
Alabama25,03249128,304-3,272-11.56%22,91525,555-2,640-10.33%2,1172,749-632-22.99%
Delaware4,8104665,692-882-15.5%4,5685,313-745-14.02%242379-137-36.15%
Arizona33,91445542,441-8,527-20.09%30,79438,035-7,241-19.04%3,1204,406-1,286-29.19%
Idaho8,9074519,437-530-5.62%7,6688,117-449-5.53%1,2391,320-81-6.14%
Texas133,772439158,429-24,657-15.56%123,263144,787-21,524-14.87%10,50913,642-3,133-22.97%
Georgia47,01042654,816-7,806-14.24%43,94250,798-6,856-13.5%3,0684,018-950-23.64%
Kentucky18,56041123,082-4,522-19.59%16,49320,177-3,684-18.26%2,0672,905-838-28.85%
Ohio45,02938350,338-5,309-10.55%41,44346,072-4,629-10.05%3,5864,266-680-15.94%
Missouri23,42237926,044-2,622-10.07%21,37023,643-2,273-9.61%2,0522,401-349-14.54%
Montana4,3133784,723-410-8.68%3,7024,175-473-11.33%6115486311.5%
Wyoming2,1233642,479-356-14.36%1,8582,142-284-13.26%265337-72-21.36%
South Dakota3,3533633,801-448-11.79%2,8923,239-347-10.71%461562-101-17.97%
Indiana24,71636127,180-2,464-9.07%22,39724,576-2,179-8.87%2,3192,604-285-10.94%
Florida80,41735596,009-15,592-16.24%75,40489,381-13,977-15.64%5,0136,628-1,615-24.37%
Virginia30,35734936,091-5,734-15.89%28,11933,090-4,971-15.02%2,2383,001-763-25.42%
Wisconsin20,20234223,956-3,754-15.67%18,95322,405-3,452-15.41%1,2491,551-302-19.47%
West Virginia5,8473316,800-953-14.01%5,2275,979-752-12.58%620821-201-24.48%
Michigan32,18632138,053-5,867-15.42%30,62136,024-5,403-15%1,5652,029-464-22.87%
Nevada10,20231812,840-2,638-20.55%9,41811,601-2,183-18.82%7841,239-455-36.72%
Oregon13,19831214,961-1,763-11.78%12,25213,740-1,488-10.83%9461,221-275-22.52%
Tennessee21,99530826,349-4,354-16.52%19,90323,615-3,712-15.72%2,0922,734-642-23.48%
South Carolina15,75929318,608-2,849-15.31%14,72117,327-2,606-15.04%1,0381,281-243-18.97%
Kansas8,52129010,177-1,656-16.27%7,7939,267-1,474-15.91%728910-182-20%
Pennsylvania37,19428845,702-8,508-18.62%35,18242,886-7,704-17.96%2,0122,816-804-28.55%
Hawaii4,1022865,279-1,177-22.3%3,6694,523-854-18.88%433756-323-42.72%
Nebraska5,6002845,682-82-1.44%5,2005,254-54-1.03%400428-28-6.54%
Connecticut9,88927212,823-2,934-22.88%9,25411,882-2,628-22.12%635941-306-32.52%
Colorado15,86527019,785-3,920-19.81%14,59917,866-3,267-18.29%1,2661,919-653-34.03%
North Carolina28,99526834,079-5,084-14.92%26,87131,398-4,527-14.42%2,1242,681-557-20.78%
Iowa8,5622679,282-720-7.76%7,8598,443-584-6.92%703839-136-16.21%
California101,441261122,687-21,246-17.32%97,525117,119-19,594-16.73%3,9165,568-1,652-29.67%
Maryland15,13424618,595-3,461-18.61%14,61617,864-3,248-18.18%518731-213-29.14%
New Mexico5,1542446,723-1,569-23.34%4,6356,046-1,411-23.34%519677-158-23.34%
Illinois28,47522838,259-9,784-25.57%27,16535,995-8,830-24.53%1,3102,264-954-42.14%
North Dakota1,6892161,794-105-5.85%1,4891,585-96-6.06%200209-9-4.31%
Rhode Island2,2382052,740-502-18.32%2,1152,583-468-18.12%123157-34-21.66%
Vermont1,2871991,608-321-19.96%1,2041,484-280-18.87%83124-41-33.06%
Washington13,67417519,261-5,587-29.01%12,88817,626-4,738-26.88%7861,635-849-51.93%
Utah5,9071736,671-764-11.45%5,4266,089-663-10.89%481582-101-17.35%
New York30,33815643,500-13,162-30.26%29,23341,572-12,339-29.68%1,1051,928-823-42.69%
New Hampshire2,1271522,691-564-20.96%1,9792,463-484-19.65%148228-80-35.09%
Minnesota8,0031409,982-1,979-19.83%7,5469,317-1,771-19.01%457665-208-31.28%
New Jersey12,50613518,613-6,107-32.81%12,05217,912-5,860-32.72%454701-247-35.24%
Maine1,5771132,185-608-27.83%1,4662,000-534-26.7%111185-74-40%
Massachusetts6,148888,205-2,057-25.07%5,9497,904-1,955-24.73%199301-102-33.89%
United States1,047,0083141,255,049 974,6081,159,469 72,40095,580
showing: 51 rows

Prison Population by State 2023

Sources