Unmarked Police Car Laws by State 2025
State | Unmarked Police Car Laws↓ | |
|---|---|---|
 | Illinois | Unmarked vehicles (including motorcycles) and “semi-marked” vehicles can patrol and make arrests. That said, officers in such vehicles must defer to officers in marked vehicles during a pursuit: whenever possible, an unmarked vehicle should not be the “primary unit” during a high-speed pursuit. |
 | Pennsylvania | Uniformed police in unmarked vehicles can watch traffic but should radio marked vehicles to complete most traffic stops. The only exception is when a crime threatens public safety, in which case the officer must use visual/audio signs (lights/sirens) and display identification upon request. |
 | Nevada | Though unmarked cars are rare in Nevada, officers wearing an official uniform are allowed to patrol and enforce traffic laws while driving unmarked cars. |
 | Washington | The state police do use unmarked vehicles; local police must use marked cars for traffic patrol, according to the Spokane Police. |
 | Kansas | State police officers can pull motorists over in unmarked cars. “Unmarked” patrol cars still have state police door shield decals. Only special (non-traffic) units can do away with these door decals. |
 | Minnesota | State police officers can pull motorists over in unmarked cars, if authorized by the Commissioner of Public Safety. “Unmarked” patrol cars still have door shield “Michigan State Police” decals. Only special (non-traffic) units can do away with these door decals. |
 | Oregon | Police squads must request special permission to operate unmarked vehicles on traffic patrols or other undercover investigations. If granted, they can run unmarked cars with standard-issue license plates. |
 | Missouri | Police officers in unmarked cars can pull motorists over but must always use both a red flashing light and siren for a traffic stop. |
 | South Dakota | Police officers in unmarked cars can complete traffic stops. |
 | Florida | Police officers can pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Massachusetts | Police officers can pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Maryland | Police officers can pull motorists over in unmarked cars if they use both lights and sirens. |
 | Delaware | Police officers can pull motorists over in both marked and unmarked cars. That said, most unmarked cars in Delaware are driven by detectives and not used for traffic stops. |
 | Hawaii | Police officers can pull motorists over in both marked and unmarked cars. Officers can even enforce traffic laws in their personal vehicles, when equipped with blue lights. |
 | Colorado | Police officers can pull motorists over in both marked and unmarked cars. |
 | Alabama | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Arizona | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Arkansas | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Mississippi | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Utah | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | Vermont | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars. |
 | North Dakota | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars–if they use sirens/air horns and keep their emergency lights on throughout the traffic stop. These lights must be red and white and visible for five hundred feet. |
 | Kentucky | Police officers can patrol and pull motorists over in unmarked cars–if they use sirens/air horns and keep their emergency lights on for the entire traffic stop. |
 | Wisconsin | Police may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic patrol and stops if it is equipped with both red and blue flashing lights. |
 | Wyoming | Police may patrol in an unmarked car but may only conduct traffic stops in an emergency situation. Even an unmarked car must have both red and blue flashing lights. |
 | Idaho | Police may not use an unmarked vehicle for either routine or official traffic control. Idaho State Police are currently proposing a less strict policy. |
 | California | Police may not use an unmarked vehicle for either routine or official traffic control. |
 | Oklahoma | Police may not use an unmarked vehicle for either routine or official traffic control. |
 | South Carolina | Police may not use an unmarked vehicle for either routine or official traffic control. |
 | West Virginia | Police may not use an unmarked vehicle for either routine or official traffic control. |
 | Connecticut | Police in unmarked vehicles can watch traffic, but should radio marked vehicles to complete traffic stops. Generally, an officer can make an exception when public safety is threatened. |
 | New Jersey | Police in unmarked vehicles can patrol and watch traffic but should radio marked vehicles to complete traffic stops. Generally, an officer can make an exception when public safety is threatened. |
 | New York | Police in unmarked vehicles can patrol and observe traffic but should radio marked vehicles to complete traffic stops. Generally, an officer can make an exception when public safety is threatened. |
 | Ohio | Officers primarily on traffic patrol and enforcement must use marked cars. Investigation/undercover officers in unmarked cars can pull over drivers for violations–if they encounter them. |
 | Nebraska | Officers in unmarked vehicles can patrol, but the best practice is radioing marked vehicles to complete traffic stops. In emergency circumstances, an officer in an unmarked vehicle can pull a driver over. |
 | Alaska | Officers in unmarked vehicles can patrol, but best practice is radioing marked vehicles to complete traffic stops. In emergency circumstances, an officer in an unmarked vehicle can pull a driver over. |
 | Michigan | Officers in unmarked patrol cars patrolling for distracted drivers are relatively common, as part of “Operation Ghostrider.” That said, they radio a trooper in a marked vehicle to initiate the traffic stop. |
 | Montana | Officers in unmarked cars cannot pull you over for petty traffic offenses; only police on undercover investigations or otherwise confidential duties can drive unmarked cars. |
 | New Mexico | Officers in unmarked cars cannot pull you over for petty traffic offenses; only police on officially licensed undercover investigations can drive unmarked cars. |
 | Maine | Officers in unmarked cars can patrol and pull motorists over but not engage in continuous pursuit. |
 | Georgia | Officers can do traffic stops in unmarked cars, but unmarked cars cannot be used solely for traffic duty and patrol. Therefore, most unmarked cars belong to non-traffic units. |
 | Tennessee | No limitations on how police use unmarked cars. |
 | New Hampshire | It is not only legal for police officers to enforce traffic laws in unmarked patrol cars, but it is becoming the norm. |
 | District of Columbia | In Washington D.C., police in unmarked cars cannot pull you over for petty traffic offenses; only officers on undercover investigations or otherwise confidential duties can drive unmarked cars so it is rare they enforce traffic laws. |
 | North Carolina | In certain circumstances, officers can use unmarked vehicles for a pursuit. But 83% of highway patrol vehicles must be fully marked. |
 | Iowa | Even though the Iowa State Patrol technically allows unmarked patrol vehicles, most of its police vehicles are currently marked. |
 | Texas | A police officer in an official uniform–or displaying a badge–may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic enforcement and stops when they witness or suspect a traffic violation. If the driver flees, a marked vehicle must be called to initiate the pursuit. |
 | Indiana | A police officer in an official uniform may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic enforcement and stops. A plain-clothes police officer must use a fully marked vehicle for traffic stops. |
 | Louisiana | A police officer in an official uniform may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic enforcement and stops. |
 | Rhode Island | A police officer in an official uniform may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic enforcement and stops. |
 | Virginia | A police officer in an official uniform may use an unmarked vehicle for traffic enforcement and stops. |
Unmarked police cars, often the subject of intrigue and debate, play a significant role in law enforcement across the United States. These vehicles allow officers to conduct surveillance, respond to emergencies, and enforce traffic laws with a degree of stealth. However, the use of unmarked police cars raises concerns regarding accountability, as they may be less visible to the public and could potentially be mistaken for civilian vehicles. Moreover, debates surround the appropriate circumstances for their use, with some advocating for stricter regulations to prevent misuse or abuse of authority, while others argue for their necessity in certain law enforcement operations.
