As of now, there are only two countries in the world where divorce remains illegal: the Philippines and Vatican City. Vatican City, ruled by the Pope, strictly prohibits divorce, aligning with its religious doctrines. This tiny sovereign city-state spans merely 100 acres and is home to approximately 842 Catholic residents.
In the Philippines, where 80% of the population is Roman Catholic and 5% is Muslim, the influence of the Catholic Church is profound. The Philippine Catholic Church staunchly opposes any legislative efforts to legalize divorce, maintaining its adherence to traditional church teachings. Interestingly, adultery is a criminal offense in the Philippines, carrying a penalty of up to six years in jail for women and four years for men.
Contrasting these nations, Japan permits divorce, but with notable gender-specific stipulations. A woman must wait six months to remarry post-divorce, whereas men face no such waiting period. Additionally, if a woman is pregnant during the divorce process, she must wait 100 days before the marriage can be officially dissolved.
While only two countries outright ban divorce, several others have unique or stringent divorce laws. For example, in Chile, no-fault divorce is not recognized. Divorce is only granted under specific circumstances such as abuse, abandonment, or infidelity, and the process can take between one to three years to complete. Among the Eskimo people, a period of extended separation is a prerequisite before a couple can legally end their marriage.
Russia's divorce laws focus mainly on financial aspects. Upon divorce, the husband is only required to divide assets acquired during the marriage, excluding any inheritance. In contrast, Ireland only legalized divorce as recently as 1994, following a majority vote in the predominantly Catholic country.
In India, where divorce is legal, the rate of marital dissolution is remarkably low, with only 1% of marriages ending in divorce. The decision to grant a divorce rests with a judge and is not always guaranteed. Luxembourg, despite being one of the smallest countries globally, has a soaring divorce rate of 87%. To obtain a divorce in Luxembourg, an individual must be over 21 years old and have been married for at least two years.
Country | Divorce Legal Status | Fault-Based Divorce | Mutual Consent No-Fault Divorce | Unilateral No-Fault Divorce |
---|---|---|---|---|
Angola | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Argentina | Legal | No | Yes | Yes |
Australia | Legal | No | One year separation | One year separation |
Austria | Legal | Yes | Six month separation | Three year separation |
Azerbaijan | Legal | No | One month waiting time | Up to three months cool-down period |
Bahamas | Legal | Yes | Five year separation | Five year separation |
Belgium | Legal | No | Six month separation | One year separation |
Bolivia | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Botswana | Legal | No | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Brazil | Legal | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bulgaria | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Burkina Faso | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Burundi | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Cambodia | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Cameroon | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Five year separation |
Canada | Legal | Yes | One year separation | One year separation |
Chile | Legal | One year separation | Three year separation | |
China | Legal | Yes | One month waiting time | Two year separation |
Colombia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Croatia | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Cuba | Legal | No | Yes | Yes |
Czech Republic | Legal | Yes | Six month separation | Determined by court |
Denmark | Legal | Yes | Yes | Six month separation |
DR Congo | Legal | Yes | Three year separation | Three year separation |
Ecuador | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Eritrea | Legal | Yes | One year separation | One year separation |
Estonia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Eswatini | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Ethiopia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Up to three month cool-down period |
Finland | Legal | Yes | Yes | Yes |
France | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Gabon | Legal | Yes | Three year separation | Three year separation |
Germany | Legal | No | One year separation | Three year separation |
Ghana | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Five year separation |
Greece | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Guatemala | Legal | Yes | Yes | No |
Guyana | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Honduras | Legal | Yes | Two-year separation | Two-year separation |
Hungary | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Iceland | Legal | Yes | Six month separation | One year separation |
India | Legal | Yes | One year separation | No |
Ireland | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Israel | Legal | Yes | Yes | Men only |
Italy | Legal | Yes | Six month separation | One year separation |
Jamaica | Legal | Yes | One year separation | One year separation |
Japan | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Kenya | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Latvia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Liberia | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Lithuania | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Luxembourg | Legal | No | Yes | Three month separation |
Madagascar | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Mali | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Malta | Legal | No | Four year separation | Four year separation |
Mexico | Legal | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mongolia | Legal | No | One month waiting time | Up to three months cool-down period |
Mozambique | Legal | Yes | One year separation | Three year separation |
Namibia | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Nepal | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Netherlands | Legal | No | Yes | Determined by court |
New Zealand | Legal | No | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Nigeria | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Three year separation |
North Korea | Legal | Yes | Determined by court | Determined by court |
North Macedonia | Legal | Yes | Yes | One year separation |
Norway | Legal | Yes | One year legal separation or two year de facto separation | One year legal separation or two year de facto separation |
Pakistan | Legal | Yes | Yes | Men only |
Panama | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Paraguay | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | No |
Peru | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Philippines | Illegal (unless Muslim) | Muslim marriages only | No | No |
Poland | Legal | Yes | Determined by court | Determined by court |
Portugal | Legal | No | Yes | One year separation |
Romania | Legal | Yes | Yes | Two year separation |
Russia | Legal | No | One month waiting time | Up to three months cool-down period |
Rwanda | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Two year separation |
Saudi Arabia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Men only |
Sierra Leone | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Singapore | Legal | Yes | Three year separation | Four year separation |
Slovakia | Legal | No | Determined by court | Determined by court |
Slovenia | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
South Africa | Legal | Yes | One year separation | One year separation |
South Korea | Legal | Yes | Yes | No |
Spain | Legal | No | Yes | Yes |
Sri Lanka | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Suriname | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Sweden | Legal | No | Yes | 6 months reconsideration period |
Switzerland | Legal | No | Yes | Two year separation |
Taiwan | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Tanzania | Legal | Yes | No | No |
Thailand | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Timor Leste | Legal | Yes | Yes | Three year separation |
Turkey | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Uganda | Legal | Yes | No | No |
United Kingdom | Legal | No | 26+ weeks waiting period | 26+ weeks waiting period |
United States | Legal | Yes | Minimum period of separation or lack of sexual relations in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Vermont and Virginia | Minimum period of separation or lack of sexual relations in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Vermont and Virginia |
Uruguay | Legal | Yes | Three month separation | Two month separation |
Vatican City | Illegal (and largely unnecessary) | No | No | No |
Venezuela | Legal | Yes | One year separation | Five year separation |
Vietnam | Legal | Yes | Yes | Determined by court |
Zambia | Legal | Yes | Two year separation | Five year separation |
Zimbabwe | Legal | Yes | One year separation | One year separation |