Which country has the highest capital gains tax?

One of the highest capital gains taxes in the world belongs to Denmark. In some categories, you can expect to pay as much as 60% in capital gains taxes.

Which country has the lowest capital gains tax?

Of the countries with capital gains taxes, the United States has a rather modest percentage. Due to the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 that regulated these taxes, you shouldn't expect to pay over 28%.

Capital Gains Tax by Country 2023

Finland’s High Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains taxes are the taxes that are paid on gains made on investments, and Finland has one of the highest capital gains taxes in the world. When looking at capital gains tax by country rates, most countries are going to have a tax rate here in the 10 to 15 percent mark with stipulations on what is and isn’t taxed, and how much.

Finland has a capital gains tax of 30 to 32 percent, a figure that is based on realized income. Some of these taxes can be exempted during real estate transactions if the property has been owned and resided in over the previous two years. This is not an affordable country for investors.

France’s High Capital Gains Tax

France also has a high capital gains tax of 32.5 percent, to fund its more socialist policy. It is a policy that embodies the strategy of taxing the wealthy while leaving the middle class to pay taxes of an average rate. There was a time when the president of the country wanted to tax millionaires at a rate of 75 percent. Whether or not he was joking remains to be seen, but it was a strategy that still won him the election.

The short-term capital gains on realized income will have higher tax rates than others in France, and can be as high as 45 percent. Tax representatives during real estate purchases are not uncommon in France. This may not be an affordable place for investors, but the payoff can be significant.

Denmark’s Capital Gains Taxes

Europe is prone to being a heavily taxed area of the world to live in, and Denmark offers an excellent example here. This country offers a capital gains tax of almost 60 percent in some realized income categories, while 42 percent is closer to a normal standard of living in Denmark.

When profits on realized income are smaller, or less than $10 thousand, capital gains taxes are reduced to 27 percent. This is close to the American rate of capital gains taxes which is complained about by Americans frequently.

Heavy Capital Gains Taxes in the United States

Capital gains taxes on income that is realized from appreciated assets in the United States are regulated by the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 at a rate of 28 percent. This country also, like other countries, stipulates tax rates based on the amount of income realized.

The mindset here is that the wealthy get taxed more heavily. Additionally, longer-term gains have a higher tax rate closer to the 28 percent mark, while high tax brackets for general income can see tax rates close to 20 percent.

At the same time, in the United States, and all other countries, the capital gains tax by country rates are going to be determined by the current leadership of the country, and are subject to change with every election cycle.

- CIT = Corporate Income Tax
- PIT = Personal Income Tax
- FCT = Foreign Contractor Tax

CSV JSON

Download Table Data

Country	Corporate Tax Rate	Individual Tax Rate
Ireland	33	33
Mexico	30 for a Mexican resident, accrued as regular taxable income. \| 25 on the gross proceeds, or 35 on the net gain, for non-residents.	10
Greenland	26.5 (i.e. 25 + 6 surcharge)	N/A
South Korea	24 (same as normal CIT rates)	45 for registered real property (varying depending on the type of asset, holding period, etc.)
South Africa	21.6	18
United States	21	20
Vietnam	20	N/A
Madagascar	20	20
Chad	20	20
Zimbabwe	20	20
Jordan	20	30
Puerto Rico	20	15 - Resident \| 25 - Non-resident
Cyprus	20	20
Guyana	20	20
Costa Rica	15 (2.25 under certain conditions)	15 (2.25 under certain conditions)
Kenya	15	15
Colombia	15	If the assets were held for two or more years, the gain will be taxed as a capital gain at a 15% flat rate (recapture rules are applicable). \| If the assets were held for less than two years, the gain will be taxed as ordinary capital income (up to 39% for FY 2023).
Serbia	15	15
Nicaragua	15	15
Lebanon	15	15
Albania	15	15
India	10-20 (applicable surcharge and cess) long-term and 15-40 (applicable surcharge and cess) short-term (may be exempt under Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement).	Long-term capital gain: 10% (on sale of equity shares/ units of equity oriented funds/units of business trust in excess of INR 100,000 and security transaction tax is paid). \| For others, 10 for non-residents (without cost inflation adjustment) 20% for residents/ non-residents (with cost inflation adjustment). \| Short-term capital gain: 15% (if securities transaction tax paid on sale of equity shares/ units of equity oriented funds/ units of business trust). For others, normal slab rate applies.
El Salvador	10 or 30	10 or 30 (see El Salvador's Individual tax summary for more information).
Myanmar	10 for non-oil and gas sector. \| 40 to 50 for oil and gas sector.	10
Nigeria	10	10
Sri Lanka	10	10
Guatemala	10	10
Sweden	10	30
Honduras	10	10
Portugal	10	28
Panama	10	10
Fiji	10	10
Malta	8 or 10	8 or 10
Philippines	6	15 - Resident \| 20 or 25 - Non-resident
Pakistan	5	15
Rwanda	5	5
Mongolia	02 for resident, \| 20 for non-residents	2 - Resident \| 10 - Non-resident
Egypt	0, 10, or 22.5	0, 10, or 25
United Arab Emirates	UAE CT rates, where participation exemption is not available	N/A
Switzerland	The effective tax rate (ETR) depends on the company’s location of corporate residency in Switzerland. The ETR of a company resident at the capital cities of the Swiss cantons varies between 11.9% and 21.0%. Exceptions to be considered relate to the participation relief and capital gains on real estate.	Movable assets: Exempt. \| Non-movable assets: Exempt for federal tax, and cantonal tax rate varies per canton.
Gabon	Subject to a discharge levy at the rate of 20% due by the Gabonese company whose rights are transferred.	20
Tajikistan	Resident: Subject to the normal CIT rate (18% or 13% for entities producing goods or 20 for the activities of financial institutions and mobile companies). \| Non-resident: Capital gains are treated as other income subject to 15% rate.	15 (Residents exempt for certain property if established requirements are met)
Brazil	Resident: 34 for legal entities (considered as part of regular income and subject to regular CIT rates). \| Non-resident: 15 to 22.5 (WHT). \| Non-resident in tax haven countries: 25 (WHT).	22.5
Papua New Guinea	PNG does not currently tax capital gains.	PNG does not currently tax capital gains.
Azerbaijan	Normal profit tax rate.	25
Kyrgyzstan	Normal profit tax rate (10%).	10 (normal PIT rate).
Maldives	Normal income tax rate.	Normal income tax rate.
Saudi Arabia	Normal income tax rate applicable to the taxpayer. Non-resident capital gains tax rate is 20.	N/A
Chile	Normal FCT rate.	40
Macau	Normal complementary tax rate.	N/A
Italy	Normal CIT rate. For financial investments, the PEX regime at 95 exemption may be applied, provided that the conditions set by the law are met.	26, although normal PIT rate applies in certain instances.
China	Normal CIT rate.	20
Japan	Normal CIT rate.	Gains arising from sale of stock are taxed at a total rate of 20.315 (15.315 for national tax purposes and 5 local tax). Gains arising from sale real property are taxed at a total rate of up to 39.63 (30.63 for national tax purposes and 9 local tax) depending on various factors.
DR Congo	Normal CIT rate.	N/A
Turkey	Normal CIT rate.	40
Germany	Normal CIT rate.	25, plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge on tax paid (in total 26.375% plus church tax if applicable)
Thailand	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
United Kingdom	Normal CIT rate.	10 or 20
Tanzania	Normal CIT rate.	10 - Resident \| 30 - Non-resident \| 30 - Sale of mineral or petroleum rights
France	Normal CIT rate.	30, plus exceptional income tax for high earners at 4%
Uganda	Normal CIT rate.	40
Spain	Normal CIT rate.	26 - Resident \| 19 - Non-resident capital gains generated as a result of a transfer of assets
Argentina	Normal CIT rate.	15
Algeria	Normal CIT rate.	15 - Resident \| 20 - Non-resident
Iraq	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Poland	Normal CIT rate.	Transfer of real property: Subject to the normal PIT rate. \| Transfer of shares: 19%.
Morocco	Normal CIT rate.	20
Peru	Normal CIT rate.	5
Mozambique	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Ivory Coast	Normal CIT rate.	N/A
Venezuela	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Cameroon	Normal CIT rate.	16.5 - Stocks and shares 30 - Real property
Australia	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Malawi	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Romania	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Kazakhstan	Normal CIT rate.	10 (normal PIT rate).
Senegal	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Cambodia	Normal CIT rate.	20 (being postponed until January 2024).
Tunisia	Normal CIT rate.	10 or 15
Bolivia	Normal CIT rate.	N/A
Dominican Republic	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Czech Republic	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Israel	Normal CIT rate.	25
Austria	Normal CIT rate.	28
Libya	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Paraguay	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Bulgaria	Normal CIT rate.	10
Turkmenistan	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Republic of the Congo	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Denmark	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Slovakia	Normal CIT rate.	19
Finland	Normal CIT rate.	30 (and 34% on income exceeding EUR 30,000 annually).
Norway	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Mauritania	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Kuwait	Normal CIT rate.	N/A
Croatia	Normal CIT rate.	10%, increased for municipal tax (levied at the rates ranging from 0% to 18%, depending on taxpayer's place of residence).
Georgia	Normal CIT rate.	General capital gain tax rate is 20%. \| Tax rate is reduced to 5% in case of supply of residential apartment and the land attached to it or a supply of a vehicle.
Moldova	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate (taxable gain basis represent 50% from the capital gain).
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Armenia	Normal CIT rate.	10 or 20 (depending on the type of property and whether sold to a tax agent or individual)
Lithuania	Normal CIT rate.	20
Botswana	Normal CIT rate.	25
Latvia	Normal CIT rate.	20
Equatorial Guinea	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Timor Leste	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Luxembourg	Normal CIT rate.	Normal PIT rate.
Montenegro	Normal CIT rate.	15
Cape Verde	Normal CIT rate.	Disposal of immovable property, intellectual property, shareholdings: 1% \| Gambling, lottery, betting, prizes awarded in sweepstakes, contests: 20%
Iceland	Normal CIT rate.	22
Taiwan	Normal CIT rate, except for marketable securities and real properties.	Normal PIT rate, except for securities and real properties.
Greece	Normal CIT rate unless the participation exemption is applicable.	15
Indonesia	Normal CIT rate except for certain tax objects subject to final income tax.	Normal PIT rate, except for certain tax objects subject to final income tax (see the Individual tax summary).
Uzbekistan	Normal CIT rate - Residents \| 20 - Non-residents	Normal PIT rate - Resident 12 - Non-resident
Belgium	Normal CIT rate (except capital gains on shares under certain conditions).	In general exempted (except in some specific cases)
Netherlands	Normal CIT rate (25.8%). Capital gains on qualifying participations are tax exempt.	N/A
Slovenia	Normal CIT rate (19%).	25
Ukraine	Normal CIT rate (18%).	Taxable as ordinary income.
Hungary	Normal CIT rate (9%); however, the participation exemption regime may apply.	15 (normal PIT rate). If certain conditions are not met, an additional 15.5% social tax is also payable.
Jamaica	No capital gain tax regime. \| Transfer tax at 2% on transfers of Jamaican real estate and securities.	No capital gain tax regime. Transfer tax at 2% on transfers of Jamaican real estate and securities.
New Zealand	New Zealand does not have a comprehensive capital gains tax. However, capital gains derived by a company will generally be taxed as dividends on distribution to shareholders, subject to certain exceptions.	New Zealand does not have a comprehensive capital gains tax.
Zambia	N/A	N/A
Hong Kong	N/A	N/A
Singapore	N/A	N/A
Namibia	N/A	N/A
Trinidad and Tobago	N/A	N/A
Bahrain	N/A	N/A
Estonia	N/A	Normal PIT rate.
Mauritius	N/A	N/A
Eswatini	N/A	N/A
Barbados	N/A	N/A
Saint Lucia	N/A	N/A
Isle of Man	N/A	N/A
Cayman Islands	N/A	N/A
Bermuda	N/A	N/A
Gibraltar	N/A	N/A
Palestine	Income tax is imposed on capital gains.	Income tax is imposed on capital gains.
Canada	Half of a capital gain constitutes a taxable capital gain, which is included in the corporation's income and taxed at ordinary rates.	Half of a capital gain constitutes a taxable capital gain, which is included in the individual's income and taxed at ordinary rates.
Malaysia	Generally, gains on capital assets are not subject to tax, except for gains arising from the disposal of real property situated in Malaysia, which is subject to RPGT (up to 30%).	Generally, gains on capital assets are not subject to tax, except for gains arising from the disposal of real property situated in Malaysia, which is subject to RPGT (up to 30%).
Oman	Gains on sales of securities listed on the Muscat Securities Market are exempt from taxation. Gains on transfers of other assets are taxable as ordinary income.	N/A
Ethiopia	Class A taxable assets relate to immovable assets, and the CGT rate is 15%. \| Class B taxable assets relate to shares and bonds, which attract CGT at the rate of 30%.	Class A taxable assets relate to immovable assets, and the CGT rate is 15%. \| Class B taxable assets relate to shares and bonds, which attract CGT at the rate of 30.
Uruguay	CIT, taxed at 25% (there is no corporate capital gains tax in Uruguay).	There is no individual capital gains tax in Uruguay. Subject to IRPF or IRNR, taxed at 12 (with some exceptions).
Qatar	CIT rate.	N/A
Ecuador	Capital gains generated by the transfer of equity rights (i.e. shares) are subject to a 10% income tax rate.	Capital gains generated by the transfer of equity rights (i.e. shares) are subject to a 10% income tax rate.
Liechtenstein	Capital gains derived from the sale of shares are tax-exempt. Capital gains from the sale of real estate are subject to a separately assessed real estate profit tax of up to 24%.	Capital gains derived from the sale of shares are tax-exempt. Capital gains from the sale of real estate are subject to a separately assessed real estate profit tax of up to 24%.
Angola	Capital gains arising from the disposal of financial instruments: 10%	Generally, the Investment Income Tax for capital gains is 10%.
North Macedonia	Capital gains are part of the regular profit for the year, thus subject to the normal CIT rate.	10 (normal PIT rate).
Ghana	Capital gains are included as part of income and taxed at the applicable corporate income tax rate.	Capital gains are included as part of income and taxed at the individual’s marginal/graduated tax rate for residents and 25% for non-residents; or 25% (upon election and the gains are as a result of the realisation of investment assets).

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