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High-Income Countries 2023

Arguably the single most influential factor in determining the quality of life in a given country is its economic health. The World Bank, a global organization dedicated to ending extreme poverty all over the world, divides countries into four categories, known as World Bank Country and Lending Groups, based upon their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. For the 2023 financial year, the WBC Lending Group boundaries are as follows:

  • Low-income economies — GNI per capita of up to $1,085 in 2021 (in USD)
  • Lower-middle-income economies — GNI per capita of $1,086 to $4,255
  • Upper-middle-income economies — GNI per capita of $4,256 to $13,205
  • High-income economies — GNI per capita of $13,206 or more

For the 2023 financial year, the World Bank placed 81 countries in the high-income category. Many countries, such as the United States, have consistently ranked as high income since the 1980s, but others have moved in or out. For instance, the 2023 group sees the addition of Panama and Romania, but the loss of Palau, which was reclassified as an upper-middle-income country. Some former high-income countries, such as Russia and Venezuela, slipped to a lower bracket in past years and have yet to regain the high-income classification.

Every High-Income Country and Territory in the World (World Bank 2023):

AndorraGibraltarPanama
Antigua and BarbudaGreecePoland
ArubaGreenlandPortugal
AustraliaGuamPuerto Rico
AustriaHong KongQatar
BahamasHungaryRomania
BahrainIcelandSaint Kitts and Nevis
BarbadosIrelandSaint Martin
BelgiumIsle of ManSan Marino
BermudaIsraelSaudi Arabia
British Virgin IslandsItalySeychelles
BruneiJapanSingapore
CanadaKuwaitSint Maarten
Cayman IslandsLatviaSlovakia
Channel IslandsLiechtensteinSlovenia
ChileLithuaniaSouth Korea
CroatiaLuxembourgSpain
CuracaoMacauSweden
CyprusMaltaSwitzerland
Czech RepublicMonacoTaiwan
DenmarkNauruTrinidad and Tobago
EstoniaNetherlandsTurks and Caicos Islands
Faroe IslandsNew CaledoniaUnited Arab Emirates
FinlandNew ZealandUnited Kingdom
FranceNorthern Mariana IslandsUnited States
French PolynesiaNorwayUnited States Virgin Islands
GermanyOmanUruguay

GNI per capita explained

GNI per capita is essentially a measure of a nation's total income divided by the number of people in that country. A country's overall gross national income (GNI) is very similar to gross national product (GNP), an older metric GNI has largely replaced. GNI is calculated by starting with a country's gross domestic product (GDP), then adding money its citizens and businesses have brought in from other countries and subtracting money taken out of the economy by businesses and investors based in other countries. Once a country's GNI has been calculated, it is divided by that country's population to determine its GNI per capita. GNI offers little insight into a country's income inequality but is nonetheless considered one of the most important at-a-glance assessments of a country's economic health.

The relationship between income and development

While World Bank classifies countries by income, the United Nations groups countries by their level of overall development. There is, however, a high degree of correlation between the two systems, as development often runs parallel to income. As a rule, countries classified as high income by World Bank correspond to those deemed developed countries by the United Nations. Upper-middle- and lower-middle-income countries roughly correspond to the United Nations' developing countries, and World Bank's low-income countries list includes many of what the United Nations would consider the least-developed or (less commonly) underdeveloped countries.

Note: Values display 2021 data with the following exceptions: Sint Maarten displays 2018 data; Andorra and Kuwait display 2019 data; and Aruba, Bahrain, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Curacao, Luxembourg, Macau, Oman, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates display 2020 data.

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Country
GNI per capita (Atlas method, current US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, INT$)
Bermuda$116,540$87,340
Switzerland$90,360$75,860
Norway$84,090$82,840
Luxembourg$81,110$83,230
Ireland$74,520$79,450
United States$70,430$70,480
Denmark$68,110$66,720
Iceland$64,410$55,920
Singapore$64,010$102,450
Cayman Islands$63,370$53,770
Sweden$58,890$61,090
Qatar$57,120$92,080
Australia$56,760$55,290
Netherlands$56,370$63,360
Hong Kong$54,450$70,700
Finland$53,660$55,940
Austria$52,210$58,370
Germany$51,040$59,680
Belgium$50,510$59,460
Israel$49,560$44,060
Canada$48,310$51,690
Macau$46,730$72,260
United Kingdom$45,380$49,420
New Zealand$45,340$45,440
France$43,880$51,850
Japan$42,620$44,570
United Arab Emirates$39,410$66,680
Kuwait$36,200$59,040
Italy$35,710$46,490
South Korea$34,980$47,490
Brunei$31,510$67,580
Malta$30,560$44,550
Spain$29,740$40,980
Slovenia$28,240$43,060
Cyprus$28,130$39,410
Sint Maarten$27,510$35,180
Bahamas$27,220$31,870
Estonia$25,970$41,570
Czech Republic$24,070$42,560
Portugal$23,730$35,470
Turks and Caicos Islands$23,600$22,660
Aruba$23,070$30,330
Saudi Arabia$22,270$47,700
Lithuania$21,610$41,250
Puerto Rico$21,160$23,360
Slovakia$20,250$32,450
Greece$20,140$31,410
Bahrain$19,930$40,730
Nauru$19,470$25,110
Latvia$19,370$33,790
Saint Kitts and Nevis$18,560$25,900
Hungary$17,740$35,640
Croatia$17,150$33,900
Barbados$16,720$14,530
Poland$16,670$35,830
Curacao$16,560$21,480
Uruguay$15,800$22,540
Trinidad and Tobago$15,070$25,670
Oman$15,030$28,850
Chile$15,000$27,410
Antigua and Barbuda$14,900$19,610
Romania$14,170$34,820
Panama$14,010$29,900
Seychelles$13,260$28,050
showing: 64 rows

Which countries are considered high-income?

High-income countries are those that have a gross national income per capita of $13,206 in 2023. Globally, 81 countries qualify for this category.

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