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Wheat Production by Country 2023

Wheat is a widely cultivated crop whose seed is a grain used all over the world as a staple food. Of the thousands of known wheat varieties, the most important are common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), and club wheat (T. compactum). Wheat is cultivated as a cash crop, as it produces a good yield per unit area, grows well in a temperate climate with a moderately short growing season, and yields a versatile, high-quality flour. The majority of wheat flour is used to make products including bread, pasta, cereal, pastries, cookies, crackers, muffins, tortillas, and pitas.

Worldwide Wheat Production

Wheat is the second-most-produced cereal grain behind maize, and the global trade of wheat is greater than all other crops combined. In 2020, the total global production of wheat was 760 million tons. China, India, and Russia are the three largest individual wheat producers in the world, accounting for about 41% of the world’s total wheat production. The United States is the fourth-largest individual wheat producer in the world. However, the European Union, if it were counted as a single country, its wheat production would exceed that of any country except China.

Top 10 Wheat Producing Countries (in tons of wheat produced 2020)*

  1. China — 134,254,710
  2. India — 107,590,000
  3. Russia — 85,896,326
  4. United States — 49,690,680
  5. Canada — 35,183,000
  6. France — 30,144,110
  7. Pakistan — 25,247,511
  8. Ukraine — 24,912,350
  9. Germany — 22,172,100
  10. Turkey — 20,500,000

* As mentioned, the EU's production of 126,658,950 tons would rank 2nd if it were a single country. Values for countries 11-124 can be seen in the table below.

The impact of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine on global wheat production

Russia and Ukraine together account for nearly 30% of the global wheat trade. As a result, Russia's 2022 military invasion of the Ukraine sent global wheat prices soaring, with Ukraine's production ability compromised and many countries restricting or shutting down trade relations with Russia. Russia is also a major supplier of fertilizer, which is vital to maximizing crop yields, which adds another layer of complication for farmers.

Wheat plants, uses, nutrition, and gluten

Like most grasses, wheat plants have long, slender leaves and stems and small flowers that are borne in groups called spikelets. The seeds that form on these spikelets are the portion of the plant harvested for food. Wheat can be grown in a variety of climates and soil, but is best grown in temperate regions that receive between 12 and 36 inches (30 to 90 centimeters) of rainfall. The wheat used for human consumption requires processing, where the grain is cleaned and broken up through the addition of water. Wheat that goes through milling is cracked and passed through rollers to create smaller particles. Almost three-quarters of the milled grain becomes flour. Additionally, wheat can be used for the production of starch, malt, dextrose, gluten, alcohol, and other products.

Wheat has a protein content of about 13% and is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food. It is also an important source of carbohydrates. When wheat is eaten as a whole grain, it is an excellent source of dietary fiber and nutrients. Wheat contains a protein called gluten, which can damage the small intestines of individuals who have Celiac disease, a genetically transmitted immune disorder. Gluten can also trigger non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, and dermatitis herpetiformis.

Here are the 10 countries with the most wheat production:

  1. China: 134,254,710 tons 🇨🇳
  2. India: 107,590,000 tons 🇮🇳
  3. Russia: 85,896,326 tons 🇷🇺
  4. United States: 49,690,680 tons 🇺🇸
  5. Canada: 35,183,000 tons 🇨🇦
  6. France: 30,144,110 tons 🇫🇷
  7. Pakistan: 25,247,511 tons 🇵🇰
  8. Ukraine: 24,912,350 tons 🇺🇦
  9. Germany: 22,172,100 tons 🇩🇪
  10. Turkey: 20,500,000 tons 🇹🇷

Download Table Data

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Country
2020 Production (tons)
China134,254,710
India107,590,000
Russia85,896,326
United States49,690,680
Canada35,183,000
France30,144,110
Pakistan25,247,511
Ukraine24,912,350
Germany22,172,100
Turkey20,500,000
Argentina19,776,942
Iran15,000,000
Australia14,480,217
Kazakhstan14,257,950
Poland12,433,210
United Kingdom9,658,000
Egypt9,000,000
Spain8,143,510
Romania6,754,530
Italy6,716,180
Brazil6,347,987
Iraq6,238,392
Uzbekistan6,157,844
Ethiopia5,478,709
Afghanistan5,185,000
Hungary5,121,480
Bulgaria4,847,940
Lithuania4,818,750
Denmark4,070,410
Sweden3,214,300
Algeria3,106,754
Mexico2,986,689
Serbia2,873,503
Syria2,848,472
Belarus2,848,391
Latvia2,659,600
Morocco2,561,898
Nepal2,185,289
Slovakia2,133,330
South Africa2,109,100
Azerbaijan1,818,665
Belgium1,741,480
Austria1,652,740
Turkmenistan1,320,000
Paraguay1,302,870
Chile1,230,988
Greece1,095,150
Tunisia1,042,000
Bangladesh1,029,000
Japan949,300
Netherlands931,830
Croatia867,530
Tajikistan846,000
Estonia840,520
Uruguay776,300
Sudan750,821
Finland686,620
Kyrgyzstan629,052
Moldova569,735
Saudi Arabia554,562
Switzerland527,496
New Zealand453,749
Mongolia406,129
Kenya404,700
Ireland364,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina321,804
Bolivia311,310
Norway303,000
North Macedonia246,031
Albania233,430
Zambia191,620
Peru187,851
Slovenia158,130
Zimbabwe150,000
Lebanon140,000
Armenia131,951
Libya130,000
Israel116,691
Myanmar111,215
Georgia102,400
Yemen100,860
North Korea89,000
Portugal83,500
Tanzania77,000
Luxembourg72,400
Nigeria55,000
Mali37,124
Palestine34,374
Cyprus32,270
Uganda25,000
Eritrea25,000
Jordan21,746
South Korea16,985
Mozambique15,000
Ecuador14,647
Rwanda12,811
Namibia12,000
DR Congo9,000
Mauritania8,942
Burundi8,610
Lesotho8,000
Colombia6,295
Taiwan4,710
Niger4,276
Angola2,955
Oman2,865
Montenegro2,339
Chad1,815
Bhutan1,623
Thailand1,423
Honduras1,244
Somalia1,043
Botswana1,028
Madagascar1,000
Guatemala835
Eswatini715
Malawi697
Venezuela684
Cameroon437
Kuwait68
New Caledonia54
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Which country produces the most wheat?

China produces more wheat than any other country in the world.

Frequently Asked Questions

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