HIV Rates by Country 2026

Country	HIV Prevalence Among Adults 2025↓	People Living with HIV 2025
Eswatini	22.4%	210,000
Lesotho	16.3%	260,000
South Africa	15.9%	7,600,000
Botswana	14.7%	350,000
Mozambique	11%	2,500,000
Zimbabwe	9.3%	1,300,000
Namibia	8.5%	220,000
Zambia	8%	1,300,000
Malawi	6.1%	1,000,000
Uganda	4.7%	1,500,000
Tanzania	3.4%	1,800,000
Kenya	3.2%	1,500,000
Republic of the Congo	3.2%	130,000
Cameroon	2.7%	540,000
Gabon	2.6%	50,000
Central African Republic	2.4%	96,000
Guinea-Bissau	2.1%	35,000
Rwanda	1.9%	230,000
Angola	1.6%	370,000
Haiti	1.6%	150,000
Togo	1.6%	100,000
Fiji	1.6%	9,100
Suriname	1.6%	8,100
Papua New Guinea	1.5%	110,000
Sierra Leone	1.5%	92,000
Liberia	1.5%	56,000
Ghana	1.4%	340,000
South Sudan	1.4%	150,000
Guyana	1.4%	11,000
Guinea	1.3%	130,000
Gambia	1.3%	24,000
Nigeria	1.2%	2,000,000
Panama	1.2%	33,000
Antigua and Barbuda	1.2%	860
Thailand	1.1%	620,000
Jamaica	1.1%	28,000
Mauritius	1.1%	10,000
Belize	1.1%	3,400
Barbados	1.1%	2,300
Dominican Republic	1%	88,000
Bahamas	1%	3,900
Myanmar	0.9%	310,000
Chad	0.9%	120,000
Moldova	0.9%	17,000
Trinidad and Tobago	0.9%	11,000
Cape Verde	0.9%	3,900
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.9%	500
Brazil	0.8%	1,200,000
Madagascar	0.8%	150,000
Burundi	0.8%	82,000
DR Congo	0.7%	570,000
Chile	0.7%	93,000
Costa Rica	0.7%	23,000
Estonia	0.7%	6,600
Djibouti	0.7%	6,900
Ethiopia	0.6%	660,000
Colombia	0.6%	240,000
Mali	0.6%	95,000
Benin	0.6%	68,000
Cuba	0.6%	42,000
Uruguay	0.6%	17,000
Sao Tome and Principe	0.6%	1,000
Mexico	0.5%	430,000
Peru	0.5%	140,000
Venezuela	0.5%	100,000
Burkina Faso	0.5%	91,000
Cambodia	0.5%	76,000
Portugal	0.5%	52,000
Laos	0.5%	23,000
Paraguay	0.5%	24,000
El Salvador	0.5%	23,000
Latvia	0.5%	6,000
Philippines	0.4%	250,000
Vietnam	0.4%	270,000
Argentina	0.4%	150,000
Senegal	0.4%	52,000
Ecuador	0.4%	56,000
Bolivia	0.4%	40,000
Georgia	0.4%	9,300
Eritrea	0.4%	12,000
Armenia	0.4%	7,800
Saint Lucia	0.4%	640
Indonesia	0.3%	560,000
Spain	0.3%	160,000
Malaysia	0.3%	85,000
Kazakhstan	0.3%	44,000
Greece	0.3%	17,000
Kyrgyzstan	0.3%	14,000
Timor-Leste	0.3%	2,200
Luxembourg	0.3%	1,700
Malta	0.3%	950
India	0.2%	2,600,000
Pakistan	0.2%	340,000
Italy	0.2%	150,000
Uzbekistan	0.2%	63,000
Romania	0.2%	19,000
Belgium	0.2%	20,000
Honduras	0.2%	19,000
Tajikistan	0.2%	16,000
Azerbaijan	0.2%	12,000
Switzerland	0.2%	18,000
Ireland	0.2%	9,500
Lithuania	0.2%	3,800
Bhutan	0.2%	1,200
Montenegro	0.2%	530
Bangladesh	0.1%	19,000
Egypt	0.1%	61,000
Sudan	0.1%	50,000
Algeria	0.1%	29,000
Afghanistan	0.1%	10,000
Yemen	0.1%	15,000
Morocco	0.1%	26,000
Saudi Arabia	0.1%	14,000
Nepal	0.1%	35,000
Niger	0.1%	32,000
Australia	0.1%	31,000
Syria	0.1%	1,000
Sri Lanka	0.1%	8,700
Somalia	0.1%	7,100
Tunisia	0.1%	8,600
United Arab Emirates	0.1%	1,400
Libya	0.1%	7,500
Bulgaria	0.1%	4,400
Serbia	0.1%	4,000
Singapore	0.1%	7,800
Lebanon	0.1%	3,100
Oman	0.1%	3,600
Norway	0.1%	5,300
Mauritania	0.1%	5,800
New Zealand	0.1%	4,000
Kuwait	0.1%	1,700
Mongolia	0.1%	700
Qatar	0.1%	1,000
Albania	0.1%	1,600
Slovenia	0.1%	1,000
Comoros	0.1%	500
Maldives	0.1%	100
Iceland	0.1%	500
Total		35,048,580

Snapshot

HIV, a virus attacking CD4 cells and potentially leading to AIDS, remains incurable but treatable, with antiretroviral therapy significantly slowing its progression.
African countries, particularly Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa, exhibit the highest HIV rates, attributed to factors like poverty, gender inequality, and limited access to treatment.
Despite global challenges, significant progress has been made in HIV management, with increased treatment coverage and efforts towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in various countries.

HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a disease that weakens a person’s immune system by attacking CD4 cells, which help the body fight off infection. If HIV advances, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, a terminal condition. HIV spreads through certain body fluids, most often during unprotected sex, pregnancy and childbirth, transfusion of contaminated blood, or shared use of hypodermic needles. The human body cannot completely eliminate HIV. Therefore, once the virus is contracted, the individual will remain HIV-positive for life. However, HIV can be controlled and its progression slowed significantly by treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) medicines. HIV rates vary drastically between countries, particularly in Africa, the continent from which the virus is believed to have originated.

HIV Around the World

HIV is a global concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 37.7 million people worldwide (roughly 0.7% of the world’s population) living with HIV in 2020, including 1.5 million new cases. It further estimated that 73% of those cases were being treated with ART, but that 680,000 people died from HIV-related causes (such as AIDS) that same year.

Africa displays a higher prevalence of HIV than any other continent, with an estimated average of 3.9% (anywhere from 3.3-4.5%) of the population living HIV-positive lives. HIV is believed to have evolved from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which crossed the species barrier from primates in Central Africa on at least two occasions, most likely when human hunters came into contact with an infected primate’s blood, and evolved into HIV.

The primary HIV strain, HIV-1, has been traced to chimpanzees (subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Cameroon. The less virulent HIV-2 strain has been traced to the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), which lives in several countries along Africa’s west coast, from Senegal to the Ivory Coast. Researchers believe HIV first manifested in the 1900s and spread slowly across Africa before expanding into the rest of the world, reaching the United States in the mid to late 1970s, being first recognized in the U.S. in 1981.

The Three Stages of HIV

HIV progresses through three distinct stages, which range in severity from inconvenient but manageable to terminal.

Acute HIV infection — The earliest stage of HIV infection. HIV cells multiply rapidly in the body, possibly causing flu-like symptoms in the host, and begin destroying the body’s CD4 T lymphocyte cells. The risk of infecting others, primarily through sexual contact, is high.
Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency/dormancy) — The second stage of HIV infection. HIV levels are lower, but persistent. Infected individuals may have no symptoms, and risk of transmission to others is greatly diminished. Patients on treatment plans may have virus levels so low as to be undetectable, making the risk of transmission nearly zero, and live at this stage for decades.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) — The third stage of HIV infection. If left untreated for an extended period (often years or more), chronic HIV infection progresses to AIDS, the stage at which one’s immune system is no longer able to fight off many types of infection. The odds of transmission to others increase dramatically, and loss of life typically occurs within three years.

HIV Treatment and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

HIV can be controlled and treated—though not fully cured—through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medicines, which can keep patients healthy for many years by reducing the amount of HIV (viral load) present in the body. ART helps slow the progression of the virus and reduces the chances of transmitting the virus to other people. ART is typically taken as a combination of three or more medications, which can sometimes be combined into one pill.

Patients whose viral loads drop to fewer than 200 copies of HIV per milliliter of blood are said to have entered viral suppression or viral load suppression. Some even achieve an HIV level so low it is unmeasurable via current tests. This is classified as an undetectable viral load and is the ideal condition for HIV patients. Approximately 72% of the total population of those diagnosed with HIV are being treated with ART. Testing and treatment coverage of HIV has dramatically improved around the world. That said, poverty, gender inequality, and HIV stigma and discrimination are major barriers to HIV prevention and treatment in many countries.

UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, is the world’s leading advocate for the comprehensive and coordinated global action against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. UNAIDS established the 95-95-95 goals, which called for countries around the world to get 95% of people living with HIV diagnosed; 95% of those diagnosed accessing treatment, and 95% of people on treatment to have suppressed viral loads by 2025.

Profiles of Countries with the Highest HIV Percentages

1. Eswatini

With over 27% of its population HIV-positive, Eswatini has the highest HIV prevalence of any country in the world. Perhaps unsurprisingly, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death in Eswatini. However, Eswatini’s HIV rate is falling. Through the implementation of expanded treatment and prevention services, the country significantly reduced its rate of new infections by nearly half between 2011 and 2016. Additionally, the percentage of adult HIV patients receiving ART treatments increased from 34.8% to 97% in recent years. While the HIV epidemic is generalized in Eswatini, certain groups—especially those who are marginalized and criminalized—are particularly affected. For example, HIV prevalence among Eswatini sex workers is 60.5%, the highest in the world.

2. Lesotho

HIV/AIDS is also the leading cause of death in Lesotho, which has the second-highest HIV rate in the world at 20.5%. Lesotho has approximately 270,000 people living with HIV. In 2023, the country saw 48,000 new HIV infections and 4,000 AIDS-related deaths. Currently, 97.5% of all people living with HIV in Lesotho are receiving ART. Approximately 57% of Lesotho’s population lives in poverty, which often complicates the availability of treatment for HIV/AIDS and has contributed to the country’s low life expectancy of 55 years for men and 57 years for women.

3. Botswana

The country with the third-highest HIV prevalence is Botswana, where an estimated 19.7% of the population is HIV-positive. Those affected by HIV in Botswana often face significant barriers, including gender inequality, punitive laws against marginalized groups, and the withdrawal of international funding. However, as in many other African nations, the percentage of HIV-positive people is slowly dropping. With the help of organizations such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Botswana offers universal free antiretroviral treatment to all people living with HIV. In 2020, more than 98% of all HIV-positive pregnant women received ART treatments, which helped reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission to 1.91%.

4. South Africa

The HIV prevalence in South Africa is 16.6%, making it the fourth-highest rate in the world. Given the country’s large population, this percentage amounts to 7.7 million HIV-positive people, more than any other country and roughly one-fifth of all the HIV cases in the world. The country has the world’s largest ART program, with 68% of people HIV having received ART in 2021 and 93% of those patients achieving viral load suppression. The success of South Africa’s ART program is a major reason the national life expectancy increased from 56 years in 2010 to 63 years in 2018. Moreover, mother-to-child transmission of HIV during birth fell from 3.5% in 2010 to lower than 1% in 2021. This is especially important as adolescent girls and young women, who are among the most likely to become pregnant, are 2.5 times more likely than same-aged males to have HIV.

5. Mozambique

As of 2023, 2.4 million people lived with HIV in Mozambique, including just over 80,000 people newly infected in that year. Women are disproportionately infected by HIV in Mozambique, with females making up about 60% of the adults living with HIV and young women (ages 15-24) almost twice as likely as young men to contract the virus. On a more positive note, more than 95% of pregnant women living with HIV were able to access ART to prevent transmitting it to their newborns, likely preventing thousands of new HIV infections among infants.

6. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe’s HIV rate is 11.7%, the sixth-highest in the world. There are 1.3 million people living with HIV in Zimbabwe. 82% of adult men, 88% of women, and 78% of children living with HIV in Zimbabwe are receiving ART. Zimbabwe has achieved a decline of new HIV infections among infants thanks to PMTCT services allowing nearly every pregnant woman to receive ART. As in South Africa, women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Zimbabwe, especially adolescent girls and young women. One of Zimbabwe’s largest barriers in providing HIV services is the illegal nature of sex work and homosexuality in the country, making it extremely difficult for these groups to seek prevention and treatment help.

7. Namibia

Namibia has the seventh-highest rate of HIV in the world of 11.5%, as of 2023. The virus is a leading cause of death in the country. About 230,000 people in Namibia are living with HIV with about 6,000 newly infected individuals in 2023. About 97% of adults and children living with HIV in the country are receiving ART. According to the Namibia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA), as of 2023, the country has done well with the 95-95-95 targets—95% of HIV-positive people have been tested and know their status, 97% are receiving treatment, and 94% have achieved viral suppression—set by UNAIDS. As a result of various AIDS-suppression efforts in Namibia, HIV/AIDS-related deaths were reduced by 50% from 2002 to 2018.

8. Zambia

Zambia has the eighth-highest HIV rate in the world of 11%. 1.3 million people in Zambia have HIV, which is the leading cause of death in the country. However, 93% of affected individuals were receiving ART as of September 2023, and over 95% are virally suppressed. As a result, life expectancy among people living with HIV has improved significantly. As in many African countries, the primary cause of HIV-related deaths in Zambia is tuberculosis, which immuno-compromised HIV patients are increasingly likely to contract. 88% of HIV-positive patients were screened for tuberculosis in 2021.

9. Malawi

At 7.6%, Malawi’s HIV rate is the first on the list to fall below 10%. Roughly 970,000-990,000 people live with HIV in Malawi as of 2023, with young people at particular risk. Around one-third of all new HIV infections in the country occurred among young people aged 15 to 24 years old. Among those living with HIV, 891,950 were receiving ART as of 2022, an increase of more than 10% from just a few years ago. One of Malawi’s largest barriers to HIV progress is the stigma associated with the disease, which prevents some would-be patients from seeking diagnosis and treatment. Despite this, Malawi is very close to reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.

10. Uganda

Uganda closes out this list with an HIV prevalence among adults at about 5.6%, which is consistent with previous years. Uganda has for the longest time faced challenges in detecting and diagnosing HIV, which has led to high prevalence. It is also possible that recent improvements in testing have contributed to more accurate numbers, thanks more to better detection rather than an actual increase in infection rates. With the help of comprehensive treatment programs, Uganda aims to reduce both HIV prevalence and HIV-related mortality rates in the coming years.