| Sovereign State ↑ | Year Founded | Year Ended | Modern Day Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adal Sultanate | 1415 | 1559 | Eritrea |
| Afrasiyab dynasty | 1349 | 1504 | Iran |
| Ailech | 450 | 1617 | Ireland |
| Airgíalla | 331 | 1585 | Ireland |
| Ajuran Sultanate | 13th century | 17th century | Ethiopia |
| Alabama Republic | 1861 | 1861 | United States |
| Alaiye (Beylik of Alaiye) | 1293 | 1471 | Turkey |
| Alash Autonomy | 1917 | 1918 | Kazakhstan |
| Alawi dynasty | 1631 | 1912 | Morocco |
| Ali Soilih Regime | 1976 | 1978 | Comoros |
| All-Palestine Government | 1948 | 1967 | Palestine |
| Allied Occupied Japan | 1945 | 1952 | Japan |
| Alodia | 6th century | 1504 | Sudan |
| Alodia | 6th century | 1504 | Egypt |
| Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic | 1918 | 1918 | Germany |
| Anconine Republic | 1797 | 1798 | Italy |
| Angevin Empire | 1154 | 1214 | United Kingdom |
| Anglo-Corsican Kingdom | 1794 | 1796 | France |
| Ankole | 1478 | 1897 | Uganda |
| Anziku Kingdom | 19th century | Gabon | |
| Aq Qoyunlu | 1378 | 1501 | Turkey |
| Arab Federation | 1958 | 1958 | Iraq |
| Arab Kingdom of Syria | 1920 | 1920 | Syria |
| Arakan | 1287 | 1784 | Myanmar |
| Archduchy of Austria | 1453 | 1867 | 1804 | 1918 | Austria |
| Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece | 1821 | 1825 | Greece |
| Argentine Confederation | 1831 | 1861 | Argentina |
| Armed Forces of South Russia | 1918 | 1919 | Russia |
| Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Armenia |
| Aro Confederacy | 1690 | 1902 | Nigeria |
| Ashanti Empire | 1670/1701 | 1902 | Ghana |
| Ashikaga shogunate | 1336 | 1573 | Japan |
| Astrakhan Khanate | 1466 | 1556 | Russia |
| Asturian Socialist Republic | 1934 | 1934 | Spain |
| Aussa Sultanate | 1734 | 1963 | Ethiopia |
| Austria-Hungary | 1867 | 1918 | Austria |
| Austrian Empire | 1804 | 1867 | Austria |
| Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia | 1993 | 1995 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus | 1914 | 1914 | Albania |
| Ava | 1364 | 1555 | Myanmar |
| Avar Khanate | 13th century | 1864 | Russia |
| Ayutthaya Kingdom | 1350 | 1767 | Thailand |
| Azerbaijan People's Government | 1945 | 1946 | Iran |
| Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Azerbaijan |
| Aztec Empire | 1428 | 1521 | Mexico |
| Azuchi–Momoyama | 1568 | 1600 | Japan |
| Baduspanids | 665 | 1598 | Iran |
| Baku Commune | 1918 | 1918 | Armenia |
| Bali Kingdoms | 914 | 1908 | Indonesia |
| Bamana Empire | 1712 | 1861 | Mali |
| Banat of Severin | 1228 | 1526 | Romania |
| Banat of Temeswar | 1718 | 1778 | Romania |
| Banat Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Romania |
| Bani Khalid Emirate | 1669 | 1796 | Saudi Arabia |
| Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1919 | 1991 | Russia |
| Bashkiria | 1917 | 1919 | Russia |
| Batavian Republic | 1795 | 1806 | Belgium |
| Bavarian Soviet Republic | 1919 | 1919 | Germany |
| Belarusian People's Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Lithuania |
| Bengal Subah | 1717 | 1757 | India |
| Bengal Sultanate | 1352 | 1576 | India |
| Berau Sultanate | 19th century | Indonesia | |
| Beylik of Bafra | 14th century | 1460 | Turkey |
| Beylik of Candar | 1292 | 1461 | Turkey |
| Beylik of Constantine | 1528 | 1837 | Algeria |
| Beylik of Dulkadir | 1337 | 1522 | Turkey |
| Beylik of Karaman | 1250 | 1487 | Turkey |
| Biafra | 1967 | 1970 | Nigeria |
| Bijapur Sultanate | 1490 | 1686 | India |
| Bilanga | Burkina Faso | ||
| Bilayanga | 1923 | Burkina Faso | |
| Bima Sultanate | 1620 | 1669 | Indonesia |
| Bogd Khanate of Mongolia | 1911 | 1924 | Mongolia |
| Bolivian Republic | 1836 | 1839 | Bolivia |
| Bongandini | Burkina Faso | ||
| Bonoman | 11th century | 20th century | Ghana |
| Bophuthatswana | 1977 | 1994 | South Africa |
| Bornu Empire | 1380 | 1893 | Nigeria |
| Brandenburg-Prussia | 1618 | 1701 | Germany |
| Bremen | 1815 | 1871 | Germany |
| Bruneian Empire | 1368 | 1888 | Brunei |
| Brunswick | 1815 | 1871 | Germany |
| Buganda | 14th century | 1894 | Uganda |
| Bukey Horde | 1801 | 1849 | Kazakhstan |
| Bukharan People's Soviet Republic | 1920 | 1925 | Uzbekistan |
| Bundu | 1690 | 1858 | Senegal |
| Bunyoro | 13th century | 1897 | Uganda |
| Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1923 | 1990 | Russia |
| Busoga | 1906 | Uganda | |
| Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1919 | 1922 | Lithuania |
| Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Russia |
| Byzantine Empire | 395 | 1453 | Turkey |
| California Republic | 1846 | 1846 | United States |
| Canas Kingdom | 1100 | 1480 | Peru |
| Canchis Kingdom | 1100 | 1480 | Peru |
| Cantonal Government of Negros | 1898 | 1901 | Philippines |
| Carpatho-Ukraine | 1939 | 1939 | Ukraine |
| Caucasian Albania | 2nd century BC | 8th century | Azerbaijan |
| Caucasian Imamate | 1828 | 1859 | Russia |
| Centralist Republic of Mexico | 1835 | 1846 | Mexico |
| Centrocaspian Dictatorship | 1918 | 1918 | Azerbaijan |
| Chagatai Khanate | 1225 | 1680 | Uzbekistan |
| Chahta Yakni | 1786 | 1866 | United States |
| Champa kingdom | 192 | 1832 | Vietnam |
| Chechen Republic of Ichkeria | 1991 | 2000 | Russia |
| Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1957 | 1944 | 1991 | Russia |
| Cherokee Nation | 1794 | 1865 | United States |
| Chokwe Kingdom | Angola | ||
| Circassia | 13th century | 1864 | Russia |
| Cisalpine Republic | 1797 | 1802 | Italy |
| Ciskei | 1981 | 1994 | South Africa |
| Cispadane Republic | 1796 | 1797 | Italy |
| Clandeboye | 1283 | 1605 | United Kingdom |
| Cnezatul lui Farcaș | 13th century | 13th century | Romania |
| Cnezatul lui Ioan | 13th century | 13th century | Romania |
| Cocollán | 1100 | 1521 | Mexico |
| Colla Kingdom | 1150 | 1463 | Peru |
| Comancheria | 1845 | 1845 | United States |
| Commonwealth of England | 1649 | 1659 | 1653 | 1660 | United Kingdom |
| Commune of the Working People of Estonia | 1918 | 1919 | Estonia |
| Con | Burkina Faso | ||
| Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1878 | 1918 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca | 1811 | 1815 | Colombia |
| Confederate States of America | 1861 | 1865 | United States |
| Confederated Republic of Altai | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Confederation of the Equator | 1824 | 1824 | Brazil |
| Confederation of the Rhine | 1806 | 1813 | Germany |
| Congo Free State | 1885 | 1908 | DR Congo |
| Conservative Republic | 1830 | 1861 | Chile |
| Corsican Republic | 1755 | 1769 | France |
| Cossack Hetmanate | 1649 | 1764 | Ukraine |
| Council of Three Fires | 796 | 1776 | Canada |
| County of Cilli | 1341 | 1456 | Slovenia |
| County of Foix | 1010 | 1607 | France |
| County of Tyrol | 1140 | 1919 | Austria |
| Couto Misto | 10th century | 1868 | Spain |
| Cretan State | 1898 | 1913 | Greece |
| Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1921 | 1945 | Russia |
| Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1921 | 1944 | 1991 | 1941 | 1945 | 1992 | Russia |
| Crimean Khanate | 1449 | 1783 | Ukraine |
| Crimean People's Republic | 1917 | 1918 | Russia |
| Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia | 1991 | 1996 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Crown of Aragon | 1164 | 1715 | Spain |
| Crown of Castile | 1230 | 1716 | Spain |
| Crown of the Kingdom of Poland | 1386 | 1795 | Poland |
| Czech and Slovak Federative Republic | 1990 | 1992 | Czechia |
| Czechoslovak Socialist Republic | 1948 | 1989 | Czechia |
| Dacian Kingdom | 168 BC | 106 | Romania |
| Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1921 | 1991 | Russia |
| Đại Việt | 968 | 1428 | 1407 | 1804 | Vietnam |
| Delhi Sultanate | 1206 | 1526 | India |
| Demmin Principality | 1160 | 1264 | Poland |
| Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan | 1918 | 1920 | Azerbaijan |
| Democratic Republic of Georgia | 1918 | 1921 | Georgia |
| Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) | 1945 | 1976 | Vietnam |
| Denkyira | 1500 | 1701 | Ghana |
| Denmark–Norway | 1524 | 1814 | Denmark |
| Despotate of Dobruja | 1356 | 1411 | Bulgaria |
| Despotate of Epirus | 1356 | 1479 | Albania |
| Ditadura Nacional | 1926 | 1933 | Portugal |
| Dominion of Fiji | 1970 | 1987 | Fiji |
| Dominion of Newfoundland | 1907 | 1949 | Canada |
| Don Republic | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Donetsk People's Republic | 2014 | 2022 | Russia |
| Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic | 1918 | 1918 | Ukraine |
| Duchy of Anhalt | 1806 | 1813 | Germany |
| Duchy of Athens | 1205 | 1458 | Greece |
| Duchy of Austria | 1156 | 1453 | Austria |
| Duchy of Bohemia | 870 | 1198 | Czechia |
| Duchy of Bouillon | 1456 | 1794 | Belgium |
| Duchy of Brabant | 1183 | 1794 | Belgium |
| Duchy of Brittany | 939 | 1532 | France |
| Duchy of Bukovina | 1849 | 1918 | Romania |
| Duchy of Burgundy | 918 | 1482 | France |
| Duchy of Bytom | 1281 | 1498 | Poland |
| Duchy of Courland and Semigallia | 1561 | 1795 | Latvia |
| Duchy of Courland and Semigallia | 1918 | 1918 | Latvia |
| Duchy of Inowrocław | 1267 | 1364 | Poland |
| Duchy of Kraków | 1227 | 1320 | Poland |
| Duchy of Lorraine | 959 | 1766 | France |
| Duchy of Lucca | 1815 | 1847 | Italy |
| Duchy of Mantua | 1273 | 1707 | Italy |
| Duchy of Masovia | 1138 | 1294 | 1370 | 1495 | 1275 | 1310 | 1381 | 1526 | Poland |
| Duchy of Massa and Carrara | 1473 | 1829 | Italy |
| Duchy of Milan | 1395 | 1797 | Italy |
| Duchy of Modena | 1452 | 1815 | 1796 | 1859 | Italy |
| Duchy of Nitra | 825 | 920 | 1033 | | 907 | 1000 | 1108 | Slovakia |
| Duchy of Normandy | 911 | 1259 | France |
| Duchy of Opole | 1172 | 1281 | 1202 | 1532 | Poland |
| Duchy of Opole and Racibórz | 1202 | 1521 | 1551 | 1281 | 1532 | 1556 | Poland |
| Duchy of Parma | 1545 | 1859 | Italy |
| Duchy of Poland | 966 | 1031 | 1079 | 1138 | 1025 | 1076 | 1138 | 1227 | Poland |
| Duchy of Pomerania | 1121 | 1264 | 1478 | 1625 | 1160 | 1295 | 1531 | 1637 | | Poland |
| Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin | 1368 | 1390 | Poland |
| Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp | 1368 | 1478 | Poland |
| Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast | 1295 | 1478 | Poland |
| Duchy of Prussia | 1525 | 1618 | Lithuania |
| Duchy of Racibórz | 1172 | 1281 | 1202 | 1521 | Poland |
| Duchy of Silesia | 1138 | 1335 | Poland |
| Duchy of Styria | 1180 | 1918 | Austria |
| Duchy of Teschen | 1281 | 1918 | Poland |
| Duchy of Urbino | 1443 | 1625 | Italy |
| Duchy of Warsaw | 1708 | 1815 | Poland |
| Duchy of Warsaw | 1807 | 1815 | Poland |
| Durrani Empire | 1747 | 1826 | Afghanistan |
| Dzungar Khanate | 1634 | 1755 | Kazakhstan |
| East Germany | 1949 | 1990 | Germany |
| East Hebei Autonomous Government | 1935 | 1938 | China |
| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom | 1526 | 1556 | 1551 | 1570 | Hungary |
| Egypt Eyalet | 1517 | 1867 | Egypt |
| El Stronato | 1954 | 1989 | Paraguay |
| Elisu Sultanate | 1604 | 1844 | Azerbaijan |
| Emirate of Abdelkader | 1832 | 1847 | Algeria |
| Emirate of Asir | 1906 | 1934 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Banu Talis | 1228 | 1551 | Egypt |
| Emirate of Beihan | 1680 | 1872 | Yemen |
| Emirate of Brakna | Mauritania | ||
| Emirate of Bukhara | 1785 | 1873 | Uzbekistan |
| Emirate of Córdoba | 756 | 929 | Spain |
| Emirate of Cyrenaica | 1949 | 1951 | Libya |
| Emirate of Cyrenaica | 1949 | 1951 | Egypt |
| Emirate of Dhala | 15th century | 1904 | Yemen |
| Emirate of Diriyah | 1744 | 1812 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Granada | 1232 | 1492 | Spain |
| Emirate of Harar | 1647 | 1887 | Ethiopia |
| Emirate of Hasankeyf | 1232 | 1524 | Turkey |
| Emirate of Jabal Shammar | 1836 | 1921 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Nejd | 1812 | 1891 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Nejd and Hasa | 1913 | 1921 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Riyadh | 1902 | 1913 | Saudi Arabia |
| Emirate of Tagant | 1996 | Mauritania | |
| Emirate of Trarza | 1640 | 1902 | Mauritania |
| Empire of Brazil | 1822 | 1889 | Brazil |
| Empire of Great Fulo (Denanke Kingdom) | 1490 | 1776 | Senegal |
| Empire of Japan | 1868 | 1947 | Japan |
| Empire of Nicaea | 1204 | 1261 | Turkey |
| Empire of Trebizond | 1204 | 1461 | Georgia |
| Empire of Vietnam | 1945 | 1945 | Vietnam |
| Ennarea | 14th century | 1710 | Ethiopia |
| Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1940 | 1991 | Estonia |
| Fadhli Sultanate | 15th century | 1888 | Saudi Arabia |
| Fante Confederacy | 16th century | 1873 | Ghana |
| Far Eastern Republic | 1920 | 1922 | Russia |
| Federal Republic of Central America | 1823 | 1841 | Guatemala |
| Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 1992 | 2003 | Serbia |
| Federal State of Austria | 1934 | 1938 | Austria |
| Federal State of Loreto | 1896 | 1896 | Peru |
| Federation of Malaya | 1957 | 1963 | Malaysia |
| Federation of South Arabia | 1728 | 1967 | Yemen |
| Fermanagh | 10th century | 1607 | Ireland |
| Fezzan Sultanate | 1550 | 1812 | Egypt |
| Fifth Republic of Korea | 1981 | 1988 | South Korea |
| Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Finland |
| First Austrian Republic | 1919 | 1934 | Austria |
| First Catalan Republic | 1640 | 1641 | Spain |
| First Czechoslovak Republic | 1918 | 1938 | Czechia |
| First Dominican Republic | 1844 | 1861 | Dominican Republic |
| First East Turkestan Republic | 1933 | 1934 | China |
| First Empire of Haiti | 1804 | 1806 | Haiti |
| First Estonian Republic | 1918 | 1940 | Estonia |
| First French Empire | 1804 | 1815 | France |
| First Hellenic Republic | 1828 | 1832 | Greece |
| First Latvian Republic | 1918 | 1940 | Latvia |
| First Mexican Empire | 1821 | 1823 | Mexico |
| First Mexican Republic | 1824 | 1835 | Mexico |
| First Philippine Republic | 1899 | 1902 | Philippines |
| First Republic of Armenia | 1918 | 1920 | Armenia |
| First Republic of Korea | 1948 | 1960 | North Korea |
| First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812) | 1811 | 1812 | Venezuela |
| Fourth French Republic | 1946 | 1958 | France |
| Fourth Republic of Korea | 1972 | 1981 | South Korea |
| Frankfurt (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt) | 1815 | 1866 | Germany |
| Free | Independent | and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory | 1815 |
| Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca | 1811 | 1815 | Colombia |
| Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune | 1848 | 1849 | France |
| Free City of Danzig | 1807 | 1814 | France |
| Free City of Danzig | 1920 | 1939 | Poland |
| Free Lebanon State | 1979 | 1984 | Lebanon |
| Free Province of Guayaquil | 1820 | 1822 | Ecuador |
| Free Republic of Schwarzenberg | 1945 | 1945 | Germany |
| Free State of Bottleneck | 1919 | 1923 | Germany |
| Free State of Cartagena | 1811 | 1811 | Colombia |
| Free State of Fiume | 1920 | 1924 | Croatia |
| Free State of Ikaria | 1912 | 1912 | Greece |
| Free Territory of Trieste | 1947 | 1954 | Croatia |
| French Empire | 1804 | 1852 | 1815 | 1870 | France |
| Galician Soviet Socialist Republic | 1920 | 1920 | Ukraine |
| Garhwal Kingdom | 823 | 1949 | India |
| Gaza Empire | 1824 | 1895 | Mozambique |
| Gciriku | 1780 | 1894 | Namibia |
| General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region | 1939 | 1945 | Poland |
| Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Georgia |
| German Confederation | 1815 | 1866 | Germany |
| German Empire | 1848 | 1871 | 1849 | 1918 | Germany |
| German occupation of Albania | 1943 | 1944 | Albania |
| German-occupied territory of Montenegro | 1943 | 1944 | Montenegro |
| Golden Horde | 1320 | 1547 | Russia |
| Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1990 | 1991 | Russia |
| Governing Junta of Mexico | 1808 | 1808 | Mexico |
| Governing Junta of Montevideo | 1808 | 1809 | Uruguay |
| Governing Junta of Santiago de Cali | 1810 | 1811 | Colombia |
| Governing Junta of the Province of Cartagena | 1810 | 1811 | Colombia |
| Government of the Grand National Assembly | 1920 | 1923 | Turkey |
| Gozitan Nation | 1798 | 1801 | Malta |
| Graaff-Reinet | 1795 | 1796 | South Africa |
| Gran Colombia | 1819 | 1831 | Colombia |
| Grand Duchy of Baden | 1806 | 1871 | Germany |
| Grand Duchy of Finland | 1809 | 1917 | Russia |
| Grand Duchy of Frankfurt | 1810 | 1813 | Germany |
| Grand Duchy of Kraków | 1846 | 1918 | Poland |
| Grand Duchy of Lithuania | 1236 | 1795 | Lithuania |
| Grand Duchy of Lithuania | 1236 | 1795 | Poland |
| Grand Duchy of Moscow | 1283 | 1547 | Russia |
| Grand Duchy of Posen | 1815 | 1848 | Poland |
| Grand Duchy of Ryazan | 1097 | 1521 | Russia |
| Grand Duchy of Tuscany | 1569 | 1815 | 1801 | 1859 | Italy |
| Grand Principality of Transylvania | 1711 | 1867 | Romania |
| Great Dayak | 1946 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| Great Han Sichuan Military Government | 1911 | 1912 | China |
| Green Ukraine | 1920 | 1922 | Russia |
| Grey Ukraine | 1917 | 1921 | Russia |
| Griqualand East | 1862 | 1874 | South Africa |
| Guangzhou Commune | 1927 | 1927 | China |
| Guarded Domains of Iran (Afsharid dynasty) | 1736 | 1796 | Iran |
| Guarded Domains of Iran (Zand dynasty) | 1751 | 1794 | Iran |
| Gurunsi | 1870 | 1899 | Burkina Faso |
| Gwiriko Kingdom | 1714 | 1897 | Burkina Faso |
| Gyaaman | 1450 | 1895 | Ghana |
| Habr Yunis Sultanate | 1769 | 1907 | Ethiopia |
| Hadiya Sultanate | 13th century | 15th century | Ethiopia |
| Hafsid dynasty | 1229 | 1574 | Algeria |
| Hafsid Emirate of Béjaïa | 1285 | 1510 | Algeria |
| Hamburg | 1189 | 1871 | Germany |
| Hanthawaddy Kingdom | 1287 | 1552 | Myanmar |
| Helvetic Republic | 1798 | 1803 | Switzerland |
| Hesse-Homburg | 1815 | 1866 | Germany |
| Hesse-Kassel (Hesse-Cassel) | 1803 | 1813 | 1807 | 1866 | Germany |
| Hohenzollern-Hechingen | 1823 | 1850 | Germany |
| Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 1623 | 1850 | Germany |
| Holstein | 1815 | 1864 | Germany |
| Holy Roman Empire | 843 | 1806 | Germany |
| Hotak dynasty | 1709 | 1738 | Afghanistan |
| Hunan Soviet | 1927 | 1927 | China |
| Hungarian People's Republic | 1949 | 1989 | Hungary |
| Hungarian State | 1849 | 1849 | Hungary |
| Huronia (Wendake) | 1649 | 1649 | Canada |
| Hutsul Republic | 1919 | 1919 | Ukraine |
| Hyderabad State | 1724 | 1798 | India |
| Iberian Union | 1580 | 1640 | Spain |
| Icelandic Commonwealth | 930 | 1262 | Iceland |
| Idel-Ural State | 1918 | 1918 | Russia |
| II Republic of Poland | 1918 | 1939 | Poland |
| Illinois Confederation | 1832 | 1832 | United States |
| Imamate of Aussa | 16th century | 1750 | Ethiopia |
| Imamate of Futa Jallon | 1725 | 1912 | Guinea |
| Imamate of Futa Toro | 1725 | 1861 | Senegal |
| Imperial State of Persia / Iran (1925–1979) | 1925 | 1979 | Iran |
| Inca Empire | 1483 | 1533 | Peru |
| Independent Albania | 1912 | 1914 | Albania |
| Independent Macedonia | 1944 | 1944 | North Macedonia |
| Independent State of Croatia | 1941 | 1945 | Croatia |
| Inner Mongolian People's Republic | 1945 | 1945 | China |
| International Association of the Congo | 1879 | 1885 | DR Congo |
| Iquicha | 1821 | 1839 | Peru |
| Iran-u-Turan (Timurid) | 1370 | 1507 | Iran |
| Irish Catholic Confederation | 1641 | 1649 | Ireland |
| Irish Free State | 1922 | 1937 | Ireland |
| Irish soviets | 1919 | 1922 | Ireland |
| Iron Confederacy | 1885 | 1885 | Canada |
| Iroquois Confederacy | 1142/1660 | 1867 | United States |
| Isaaq Sultanate | 1750 | 1884 | Ethiopia |
| Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan | 1996 | 1996 | Afghanistan |
| Islamic Emirate of Kunar | 1991 | 1991 | Afghanistan |
| Islamic State | 2014 | 2017 | Iraq |
| Italian Empire | 1882 | 1960 | Italy |
| Italian governorate of Montenegro | 1941 | 1943 | Montenegro |
| Italian governorate of Montenegro | 1941 | 1943 | Montenegro |
| Italian Islands of the Aegean | 1912 | 1945 | Greece |
| Italian protectorate of Albania | 1939 | 1943 | Albania |
| Italian protectorate of Albania | 1939 | 1943 | Italy |
| Italian protectorate over Albania | 1917 | 1920 | Albania |
| Italian Republic (Napoleonic) | 1802 | 1805 | Italy |
| Italian Social Republic | 1943 | 1945 | Italy |
| Jaintia Kingdom | 500 | 1835 | India |
| Jambi Sultanate | 1615 | 1904 | Indonesia |
| Jaunpur Sultanate | 1394 | 1479 | India |
| Jaxa | 1665 | 1674 | China |
| Jiangxi Soviet | 1931 | 1937 | China |
| Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet | 1931 | 1934 | China |
| Johor Sultanate | 1528 | 1855 | Malaysia |
| Jolof Empire | 1350 | 1549 | Senegal |
| Joseon | 1392 | 1897 | North Korea |
| Judicate of Arborea | 9th century | 1420 | Italy |
| Juliana Republic | 1839 | 1839 | Brazil |
| Jungle Nation | 1899 | 1900 | Peru |
| Jupanat of Dimitrie | 943 | 943 | Romania |
| Jupanat of Gheorghe | 10th century | 10th century | Romania |
| Jupanat of Sacea | 11th century | 11th century | Romania |
| Jupanat of Setslav | 1085 | 1085 | Romania |
| Jupanat of Tatos | 1190 | 1190 | Romania |
| Kaabu | 1537 | 1867 | Guinea-Bissau |
| Kabardia | 1453 | 1825 | Russia |
| Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1944 | 1957 | Russia |
| Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1957 | 1944 | 1991 | Russia |
| Kalmar Union | 1397 | 1523 | Denmark |
| Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1935 | 1957 | 1943 | 1991 | Russia |
| Kalmyk Khanate | 1630 | 1771 | Russia |
| Kar-Kiya dynasty | 1370s | 1592 | Iran |
| Kara Koyunlu | 1374 | 1468 | Azerbaijan |
| Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1923 | 1956 | 1940 | 1991 | Russia |
| Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic | 1940 | 1956 | Russia |
| Kars Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Turkey |
| Kart dynasty | 1244 | 1381 | Afghanistan |
| Kasanje Kingdom | 1620 | 1910 | Angola |
| Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut | 14th century | 1888 | Yemen |
| Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic | 1920 | 1936 | Russia |
| Kazakh Khanate | 1465 | 1848 | Kazakhstan |
| Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1991 | Kazakhstan |
| Kazembe Kingdom | 1740 | 1894 | DR Congo |
| Kel Ahaggar | 200 | 1977 | Algeria |
| Khakas Autonomous Oblast | 1990 | 1991 | Russia |
| Khanate of Bukhara | 1506 | 1785 | Uzbekistan |
| Khanate of Kalat | 1666 | 1747 | 1758 | 1736 | 1749 | 1955 | Pakistan |
| Khanate of Kazan | 1438 | 1552 | Russia |
| Khanate of Khiva | 1511 | 1920 | Kazakhstan |
| Khanate of Kokand | 1709 | 1868 | Uzbekistan |
| Khanate of Sibir | 1468 | 1598 | Russia |
| Khasso | 17th century | 19th century | Mali |
| Kholodny Yar Republic | 1919 | 1922 | Ukraine |
| Khorezm People's Soviet Republic | 1920 | 1925 | Kazakhstan |
| Khoshut Khanate | 1637 | 1717 | China |
| Kilwa Sultanate | 957 | 1513 | Kenya |
| Kingdom of Abemama | 1795 | 1892 | Kiribati |
| Kingdom of Abkhazia | 778 | 1008 | Russia |
| Kingdom of al-Abwab | 13th century | 15th/16th century | Egypt |
| Kingdom of Alo | Wallis and Futuna | ||
| Kingdom of Antankarana | 1895 | Madagascar | |
| Kingdom of Antongil | 1773 | 1786 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia | 1860 | 1862 | Argentina |
| Kingdom of Asturias | 718 | 924 | Spain |
| Kingdom of Baguirmi | 1480/1522 | 1897 | Chad |
| Kingdom of Banggai | 1907 | Indonesia | |
| Kingdom of Baol | 1555 | 1895 | Senegal |
| Kingdom of Barotseland | 17th century | 1964 | DR Congo |
| Kingdom of Bavaria | 1806 | 1871 | Germany |
| Kingdom of Beni Abbas | 1510 | 1871 | Algeria |
| Kingdom of Benin | 1180 | 1897 | Nigeria |
| Kingdom of Bohemia | 1198 | 1918 | Czechia |
| Kingdom of Boina | 1690 | 1840 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Bora Bora | 19th century | 1895 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Bosnia | 1377 | 1463 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Kingdom of Bumthang | 7th century | 17th century | Bhutan |
| Kingdom of Burundi | 1680 | 1962 | 1890 | 1966 | Burundi |
| Kingdom of Butua | 1450 | 1683 | Zimbabwe |
| Kingdom of Cambodia | 1431 | 1863 | Cambodia |
| Kingdom of Castile | 1065 | 1833 | Spain |
| Kingdom of Cayor | 1549 | 1879 | Senegal |
| Kingdom of Champasak | 1713 | 1904 | Laos |
| Kingdom of Chiang Mai | 1782 | 1894 | Thailand |
| Kingdom of Chile | 1810 | 1814 | Chile |
| Kingdom of Chimor | 900 | 1470 | Peru |
| Kingdom of Cochin | 12th century | 1949 | India |
| Kingdom of Connacht | 1051 | 1589 | Ireland |
| Kingdom of Corsica | 1736 | 1736 | France |
| Kingdom of Croatia | 1102 | 1526 | Croatia |
| Kingdom of Croatia | 1527 | 1868 | Croatia |
| Kingdom of Croatia | 925 | 1102 | Croatia |
| Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia | 1868 | 1918 | Croatia |
| Kingdom of Cyprus | 1192 | 1489 | Cyprus |
| Kingdom of Dagbon | 1250 | 1899 | Ghana |
| Kingdom of Dahomey | 1600 | 1904 | Benin |
| Kingdom of Desmond | 1118 | 1596 | Ireland |
| Kingdom of England | 927 | 1707 | United Kingdom |
| Kingdom of Etruria | 1801 | 1807 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Fazughli | 1550 | 1685 | Sudan |
| Kingdom of Fazughli | 1500 | 1685 | Egypt |
| Kingdom of Fiji | 1871 | 1874 | Fiji |
| Kingdom of Finland | 1742 | 1743 | Finland |
| Kingdom of Finland | 1918 | 1919 | Finland |
| Kingdom of France | 843 | 1814 | 1792 | 1848 | France |
| Kingdom of Galicia | 410 | 1833 | Portugal |
| Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria | 1772 | 1918 | Poland |
| Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | 1199 | 1349 | Poland |
| Kingdom of Georgia | 1008 | 1490 | Georgia |
| Kingdom of Gera | 1835 | 1887 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Gomma | 1780 | 1886 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Great Britain | 1707 | 1800 | United Kingdom |
| Kingdom of Greece | 1832 | 1935 | 1944 | 1924 | 1941 | 1974 | Greece |
| Kingdom of Gumma | 1770 | 1902 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Gwynedd | 450 | 1216 | United Kingdom |
| Kingdom of Haiti | 1811 | 1820 | Haiti |
| Kingdom of Hanover | 1814 | 1866 | Germany |
| Kingdom of Hawaii | 1795 | 1893 | United States |
| Kingdom of Hejaz | 1916 | 1925 | Saudi Arabia |
| Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd | 1926 | 1932 | Saudi Arabia |
| Kingdom of Holland | 1806 | 1810 | Netherlands |
| Kingdom of Huahine | 1820 | 1895 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Hungary | 1000 | 1804 | Hungary |
| Kingdom of Hungary | 1301 | 1526 | Hungary |
| Kingdom of ʻUvea | 15th century | 1887 | Wallis and Futuna |
| Kingdom of Imereti | 1260 | 1810 | Georgia |
| Kingdom of Imerina | 1540 | 1897 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Ireland | 1541 | 1801 | Ireland |
| Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) | 1805 | 1814 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Janjero | 15th century | 1984 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Jimma | 1790 | 1932 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Jolof | 1549 | 1875 | Senegal |
| Kingdom of Kaffa | 1390 | 1897 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Kakheti | 1465 | 1762 | Georgia |
| Kingdom of Kampuchea | 1945 | 1945 | Cambodia |
| Kingdom of Karagwe | 1450 | 1963 | Tanzania |
| Kingdom of Kartli | 1478 | 1762 | Armenia |
| Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti | 1762 | 1801 | Armenia |
| Kingdom of Kongo | 1390 | 1914 | Angola |
| Kingdom of Kuku | 1515 | 1638 | Algeria |
| Kingdom of Kurdistan | 1922 | 1924 | Iraq |
| Kingdom of Kutai Martadipura | 399 | 1635 | Indonesia |
| Kingdom of Larantuka | 1515 | 1904 | Indonesia |
| Kingdom of Leinster | 7th century BC | 1603 | Ireland |
| Kingdom of León | 910 | 1230 | Spain |
| Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea | 1801 | 1891 | Ethiopia |
| Kingdom of Lithuania | 1918 | 1918 | Lithuania |
| Kingdom of Livonia | 1570 | 1578 | Estonia |
| Kingdom of Loango | 1550 | 1883 | Republic of the Congo |
| Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia | 1815 | 1866 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Luang Phrabang | 1707 | 1893 | Laos |
| Kingdom of Luang Phrabang | 1945 | 1945 | Laos |
| Kingdom of Luba | 1585 | 1889 | DR Congo |
| Kingdom of Lunda | 1600 | 1887 | Angola |
| Kingdom of Majorca | 1231 | 1715 | Spain |
| Kingdom of Mangareva | 1844/1871 | 1881 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Maravi | 1480 | 1891 | Mozambique |
| Kingdom of Matamba | 1631 | 1744 | Angola |
| Kingdom of Menabe | 1685 | 1834 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Montenegro | 1910 | 1918 | Montenegro |
| Kingdom of Mrauk U | 1429 | 1785 | Myanmar |
| Kingdom of Mthwakazi | 1823 | 1894 | Zimbabwe |
| Kingdom of Mutapa | 1430 | 1760 | Mozambique |
| Kingdom of Mysore | 1399 | 1948 | India |
| Kingdom of Naples | 1282 | 1816 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Nauru | 1888 | Nauru | |
| Kingdom of Navarre | 824 | 1620 | Spain |
| Kingdom of Ndongo | 16th century | 1671 | Angola |
| Kingdom of Niuē-Fekai | 1700 | 1901 | Niue |
| Kingdom of Norway | 1814 | 1814 | Norway |
| Kingdom of Nri | 9th century | 1911 | Nigeria |
| Kingdom of Pajang | 1568 | 1586 | Indonesia |
| Kingdom of Poland | 1025 | 1076 | 1295 | 1300 | 1031 | 1079 | 1296 | 1320 | Poland |
| Kingdom of Poland | 1815 | 1832 | Poland |
| Kingdom of Poland | 1815 | 1867 | Russia |
| Kingdom of Poland | 1917 | 1918 | Poland |
| Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) | 1919 | 1919 | Portugal |
| Kingdom of Powys | 5th century | 1160 | United Kingdom |
| Kingdom of Prussia | 1701 | 1871 | Germany |
| Kingdom of Raiatea | 1820 | 1888 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Rapa Iti | 1887 | French Polynesia | |
| Kingdom of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) | 4th century | 1888 | Chile |
| Kingdom of Rarotonga | 1858 | 1893 | Cook Islands |
| Kingdom of Rimatara | 1822 | 1901 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Romania | 1881 | 1947 | Romania |
| Kingdom of Rurutu | 1900 | French Polynesia | |
| Kingdom of Rwanda | 11th century | 1885 | Rwanda |
| Kingdom of Saloum | 1494 | 1864 | Senegal |
| Kingdom of Sarawak | 1841 | 1888 | Malaysia |
| Kingdom of Sardinia | 1720 | 1861 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Scotland | 843 | 1707 | United Kingdom |
| Kingdom of Serbia | 1822 | 1918 | Serbia |
| Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara | 1808 | 1916 | Thailand |
| Kingdom of Siam | 1782 | 1932 | Thailand |
| Kingdom of Sicily | 1130 | 1816 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Sicily | 1848 | 1848 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Sigave | Wallis and Futuna | ||
| Kingdom of Sine | 1520 | 1867 | Senegal |
| Kingdom of Slavonia | 1699 | 1868 | Croatia |
| Kingdom of Tahiti | 1788/1791 | 1880 | French Polynesia |
| Kingdom of Tahuata | 1880 | French Polynesia | |
| Kingdom of Tamatave | 1712 | 1828 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Tanibe | 1822 | 1828 | Madagascar |
| Kingdom of Tavolara | 1836 | 1934 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Tazeroualt | 17th century | 20th century | Morocco |
| Kingdom of the Two Sicilies | 1815 | 1860 | Italy |
| Kingdom of Tlemcen | 1235 | 1556 | Algeria |
| Kingdom of Tuamotu | 900/1200 | French Polynesia | |
| Kingdom of Tungning | 1661 | 1683 | Taiwan |
| Kingdom of Uí Failghe | 1550 | Ireland | |
| Kingdom of Vientiane | 1707 | 1828 | Laos |
| Kingdom of Waalo | 1287 | 1855 | Mauritania |
| Kingdom of Wajoq | 1400 | 1906 | Indonesia |
| Kingdom of Whydah | 1580 | 1727 | Benin |
| Kingdom of Yugoslavia | 1929 | 1943 | Serbia |
| Kingdom of Zimbabwe | 1220 | 1450 | Zimbabwe |
| Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic | 1926 | 1936 | Kyrgyzstan |
| Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1991 | Kyrgyzstan |
| Komancza Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Poland |
| Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1991 | Russia |
| Konbaung dynasty | 1752 | 1885 | Myanmar |
| Kong Empire | 1710 | 1898 | Burkina Faso |
| Korean Empire | 1897 | 1910 | North Korea |
| Korean People's Association in Manchuria | 1929 | 1931 | China |
| Krusevo Republic | 1903 | 1903 | North Macedonia |
| Kuba Kingdom | 1625 | 1884 | DR Congo |
| Kuban People's Republic | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Kulhulmcilh | 1869 | 1869 | Canada |
| Kwararafa | 1500 | 1840 | Nigeria |
| Lan Na | 1292 | 1775 | Thailand |
| Lanfang Republic | 1777 | 1884 | Indonesia |
| Langkasuka | 2nd century | 15th century | Malaysia |
| Lao Issara | 1945 | 1946 | Laos |
| Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic | 1918 | 1920 | Latvia |
| Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1940 | 1990 | Latvia |
| Laur Kingdom | 600 | 1565 | India |
| Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic | 1918 | 1920 | Poland |
| Lenapehoking | 1830 | 1830 | United States |
| Liga Federal | 1815 | 1820 | Uruguay |
| Limerick Soviet | 1919 | 1919 | Ireland |
| Lippe | 1123 | 1871 | Germany |
| Liptako | 1718 | 1897 | Burkina Faso |
| Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1940 | 1990 | Lithuania |
| Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1919 | 1919 | Lithuania |
| Lordship of Ireland | 1171 | 1542 | Ireland |
| Lübeck | 1226 | 1871 | Germany |
| Luhansk People's Republic | 2014 | 2022 | Russia |
| Lupaca Kingdom | 1150 | 1600 | Peru |
| Ma'danid dynasty | 9th century | 11th century | Pakistan |
| Macakoali | Burkina Faso | ||
| Magh Luirg | 956 | 1585 | Ireland |
| Mahdist State | 1885 | 1899 | Sudan |
| Mahdist State | 1885 | 1899 | Egypt |
| Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra | 1432 | 1886 | Yemen |
| Majapahit | 1293 | 1527 | Indonesia |
| Majeerteen Sultanate | 1800 | 1924 | Somalia |
| Makhnovshchina | 1918 | 1921 | Ukraine |
| Makuria | 5th century | 1518 | Egypt |
| Malayan Union | 1946 | 1948 | Malaysia |
| Mali Empire | 1230 | 1672 | Mali |
| Malindi Kingdom | 9th century | 15th century | Kenya |
| Mamluk beylicate | 1760 | 1798 | Egypt |
| Mamluk Sultanate | 1250 | 1517 | Egypt |
| Manchukuo | 1932 | 1945 | China |
| Mangareva | 1881 | 1881 | French Polynesia |
| Manikya dynasty | 1400 | 1761 | India |
| Mankessim Kingdom | 1252 | 1844 | Ghana |
| Marashiyan dynasty | 1359 | 1596 | Iran |
| Maratha Confederacy (Maratha Empire) | 1674 | 1820 | India |
| Margraviate of Moravia | 1182 | 1918 | Czechia |
| Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1991 | Russia |
| Marinid Sultanate | 1244 | 1465 | Morocco |
| Marquisate of Finale | 967 | 1602 | Italy |
| Mbunda Kingdom | 1700 | 1914 | Angola |
| Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 1815 | 1871 | Germany |
| Mecklenburg-Strelitz | 1815 | 1871 | Germany |
| Medri Bahri | 1137 | 1879 | Eritrea |
| Mengjiang United Autonomous Government | 1939 | 1945 | China |
| Mihrabanid dynasty | 1236 | 1537 | Iran |
| Military Administration in Poland | 1939 | 1939 | Poland |
| Military Dictatorship of Mughan | 1918 | 1919 | Azerbaijan |
| Ming dynasty | 1368 | 1644 | China |
| Miꞌkmaꞌki | 1867 | 1867 | Canada |
| Moghulistan | 1347 | 1462 | China |
| Moldavian Democratic Republic | 1917 | 1918 | Moldova |
| Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1940 | 1991 | Moldova |
| Mombasa Sultanate | 1502 | 1887 | Kenya |
| Mon kingdoms | 9th century | 13th century | 11th century | 16th century | Myanmar |
| Möng Mao Lông | 1335 | 1444 | China |
| Mongolian Republic of Alxa | 1949 | 1949 | China |
| Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1934 | 1990 | Russia |
| Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1921 | 1924 | Russia |
| Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | 1917 | 1921 | Russia |
| Mthethwa Empire | 1780 | 1817 | South Africa |
| Mughal Empire | 1526 | 1857 | India |
| Muisca Confederation | 1450 | 1537 | Colombia |
| Muscat and Oman | 1820 | 1970 | Oman |
| Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen | 1918 | 1970 | Yemen |
| Mvskoke Ekvnv | 1799 | 1803 | United States |
| Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom | 13th century | 1782 | Thailand |
| Naqsid Principality of Tetouan | 1597 | 1673 | Morocco |
| Nassau | 1806 | 1866 | Germany |
| Natal | 1843 | 1910 | South Africa |
| Natalia Republic | 1839 | 1843 | South Africa |
| Nazi Germany | 1933 | 1945 | Germany |
| Ndebele Kingdom | 1840 | 1890 | Zimbabwe |
| Neutral Confederacy | 1650 | 1651 | Canada |
| Neutral Moresnet | 1816 | 1920 | Belgium |
| New Courland | 1637 | 1639 | 1642 | 1654 | 1660 | 1680 | 1686 | 1637 | 1639 | 1642 | 1659 | 1666 | 1683 | 1690 | Latvia |
| New State of Chile | 1819 | 1826 | Chile |
| Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet | 1930 | 1931 | Vietnam |
| Nieuwe Republiek | 1884 | 1888 | South Africa |
| Nogai Horde | 1440 | 1634 | Kazakhstan |
| North Caucasian Emirate | 1919 | 1920 | Russia |
| North German Federation | 1867 | 1871 | Germany |
| North Ingria | 1919 | 1920 | Russia |
| North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1936 | 1992 | Russia |
| Northern America | 1813 | 1813 | Mexico |
| Northern Yuan | 1368 | 1635 | China |
| Northwestern Confederacy | 1783 | 1795 | United States |
| Novgorod Republic | 1136 | 1478 | Russia |
| Nungu | 1204 | 1895 | Burkina Faso |
| Old Swiss Confederacy | 1300 | 1798 | Switzerland |
| Oldenburg | 1815 | 1871 | Germany |
| Orange Free State | 1854 | 1902 | Lesotho |
| Osraige | 150 | 1541 | Ireland |
| Ottoman Empire | 1299 | 1922 | Turkey |
| Oyo Empire | 1300 | 1896 | Benin |
| Pacajes Kingdom | 1100 | 1480 | Bolivia |
| Pahang Kingdom | 1770 | 1881 | Malaysia |
| Pahang Sultanate | 1470 | 1623 | Malaysia |
| Palembang Sultanate | 1659 | 1823 | Indonesia |
| Palmetto Republic | 1860 | 1861 | United States |
| Papal States | 752 | 1870 | Italy |
| Paris Commune | 1871 | 1871 | France |
| Pate Sultanate | 1203 | 1870 | Kenya |
| Pattani kingdom | 1516 | 1902 | Thailand |
| Patu-iki or Kingdom of Niue | 1700 | 1900 | New Zealand |
| Pegu | 1287 | 1747 | 1539 | 1757 | Myanmar |
| People's Committee of North Korea | 1947 | 1948 | North Korea |
| People's Democratic Republic of Yemen | 1967 | 1990 | Yemen |
| People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu | 1977 | 1978 | Vanuatu |
| People's Republic of Bulgaria | 1946 | 1990 | Bulgaria |
| People's Republic of Korea | 1945 | 1946 | North Korea |
| People's Republic of Zanzibar | 1964 | 1964 | Tanzania |
| People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China | 1933 | 1934 | China |
| People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea | 1979 | 1984 | Guinea |
| People's Socialist Republic of Albania | 1946 | 1992 | Albania |
| Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Gilan (Iran) | 1920 | 1921 | Iran |
| Peru-Bolivian Confederation | 1836 | 1839 | Bolivia |
| Peruvian Republic | 1837 | 1837 | Peru |
| Peruvian Republic | 1838 | 1839 | Peru |
| Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies | 1917 | 1924 | Russia |
| Piela | Burkina Faso | ||
| Polish Committee of National Liberation | 1944 | 1944 | Poland |
| Polish National Government | 1830 | 1831 | Poland |
| Polish National Government | 1846 | 1846 | Poland |
| Polish National Government | 1863 | 1864 | Poland |
| Polish National-Territorial Region | 1990 | 1991 | Poland |
| Polish People's Republic | 1952 | 1989 | Poland |
| Polish Underground State | 1939 | 1945 | Poland |
| Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | 1569 | 1795 | Poland |
| Pomerania | 1121 | 1637 | Germany |
| Pontianak Sultanate | 1771 | 1779 | Malaysia |
| Pratapgarh Kingdom | 1489 | 1700s | India |
| Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1990 | 1991 | Moldova |
| Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg | 1328 | 1803 | Germany |
| Prince-Bishopric of Liège | 972 | 1791 | 1795 | 1795 | Belgium |
| Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro | 1516 | 1910 | Montenegro |
| Principality of Albania | 1914 | 1925 | Albania |
| Principality of Beloozero | 13th century | 15th century | Russia |
| Principality of Bulgaria | 1878 | 1908 | Bulgaria |
| Principality of Catalonia | 12th century | 1714 | Spain |
| Principality of Debdou | 1430 | 1563 | Morocco |
| Principality of Elba | 1814 | 1815 | Italy |
| Principality of Great Perm | 1323 | 1505 | Russia |
| Principality of Guria | 1460 | 1829 | Georgia |
| Principality of Halych | 1110 | 1339 | Poland |
| Principality of Hungary | 895 | 1000 | Hungary |
| Principality of Lucca and Piombino | 1805 | 1814 | Italy |
| Principality of Mingrelia | 1557 | 1867 | Georgia |
| Principality of Moldavia | 1346 | 1859 | Moldova |
| Principality of Montenegro | 1852 | 1910 | Montenegro |
| Principality of Polotsk | 10th century | 1397 | Belarus |
| Principality of Reuss-Gera | 1806 | 1918 | Germany |
| Principality of Samos | 1815 | 1864 | Greece |
| Principality of Serbia | 1815 | 1882 | Serbia |
| Principality of Svaneti | 1463 | 1858 | Georgia |
| Principality of the Pindus | 1941 | 1942 | Greece |
| Principality of Theodoro | 13th century | 1475 | Ukraine |
| Principality of Transylvania | 1570 | 1711 | Romania |
| Principality of Transylvania | 1711 | 1804 | Romania |
| Principality of Trindad | 1893 | 1895 | Brazil |
| Principality of Tver | 1246 | 1483 | Russia |
| Principality of Upper Hungary | 1682 | 1685 | Hungary |
| Principality of Wales | 1216 | 1536 | United Kingdom |
| Principality of Wallachia | 1330 | 1859 | Romania |
| Principality of Yaroslavl | 1218 | 1463 | Russia |
| Protectorate of Peru | 1821 | 1822 | Peru |
| Provisional Central Government of Vietnam | 1948 | 1949 | Vietnam |
| Provisional Government of Free India | 1943 | 1945 | India |
| Provisional Government of Hawaii | 1893 | 1894 | United States |
| Provisional Government of Mexico | 1823 | 1824 | Mexico |
| Provisional Government of Milan | 1848 | 1848 | Italy |
| Provisional Government of National Unity | 1945 | 1947 | Poland |
| Provisional Government of Oregon | 1841/1843 | 1849 | United States |
| Provisional Government of Saskatchewan | 1885 | 1885 | Canada |
| Provisional Government of the Northern Region | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Provisional Government of the Republic of China | 1937 | 1940 | China |
| Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea | 1919 | 1945 | China |
| Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland | 1944 | 1945 | Poland |
| Provisional People's Committee of North Korea | 1946 | 1947 | North Korea |
| Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee | 1920 | 1920 | Poland |
| Provisional Regional Government of the Urals | 1918 | 1918 | Russia |
| Prussia | 1525 | 1871 | Germany |
| Pskov Republic | 1348 | 1510 | Russia |
| Qasim Khanate | 1452 | 1681 | Russia |
| Qing dynasty | 1636 | 1912 | China |
| Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut | 1858 | 1888 | Yemen |
| Ramadanid Emirate | 1352 | 1608 | Turkey |
| Reformed Government of the Republic of China | 1937 | 1940 | China |
| Regency of Algiers | 1516 | 1830 | Algeria |
| Regency of Carnaro | 1919 | 1920 | Croatia |
| Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime) | 1940 | 1945 | China |
| Republic of Acre | 1899 | 1903 | Brazil |
| Republic of Alba | 1796 | 1796 | Italy |
| Republic of Alto Perú | 1828 | 1828 | Bolivia |
| Republic of Ancona | 1000 | 1532 | Italy |
| Republic of Anguilla | 1967 | 1969 | Anguilla |
| Republic of Aras | 1918 | 1919 | Azerbaijan |
| Republic of Artsakh | 1991 | 2024 | Azerbaijan |
| Republic of Baja California | 1853 | 1854 | Mexico |
| Republic of Benin | 1967 | 1967 | Benin |
| Republic of Bolivar | 1825 | 1825 | Bolivia |
| Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992 | 1995 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Republic of Canada | 1837 | 1838 | Canada |
| Republic of Central Albania | 1913 | 1914 | Albania |
| Republic of Central Lithuania | 1920 | 1922 | Lithuania |
| Republic of Central Lithuania | 1920 | 1922 | Poland |
| Republic of China | 1912 | 1949 | China |
| Republic of Cochinchina | 1946 | 1949 | Vietnam |
| Republic of Connacht | 1798 | 1798 | Ireland |
| Republic of Cospaia | 1440 | 1826 | Italy |
| Republic of Counani | 1886 | 1891 | Brazil |
| Republic of Crema | 1797 | 1797 | Italy |
| Republic of Crimea | 2014 | 2014 | Russia |
| Republic of Dahomey | 1958 | 1975 | Benin |
| Republic of East Florida | 1812 | 1812 | United States |
| Republic of Entre Ríos | 1820 | 1821 | Argentina |
| Republic of Ezo | 1869 | 1869 | Japan |
| Republic of Florence | 1115 | 1569 | Italy |
| Republic of Formosa | 1895 | 1895 | Taiwan |
| Republic of Galicia | 1931 | 1931 | Spain |
| Republic of Genoa | 1095 | 1797 | Italy |
| Republic of Georgia | 1861 | 1861 | United States |
| Republic of German-Austria | 1918 | 1919 | Austria |
| Republic of Hawaii | 1894 | 1898 | United States |
| Republic of Indian Stream | 1832 | 1835 | United States |
| Republic of Indonesia | 1945 | 1949 | Indonesia |
| Republic of Kosova | 1991 | 1999 | Serbia |
| Republic of Kuwait | 1990 | 1990 | Kuwait |
| Republic of Liège | 1789 | 1791 | Belgium |
| Republic of Lithuania | 1918 | 1940 | Lithuania |
| Republic of Louisiana | 1861 | 1861 | United States |
| Republic of Lower Canada | 1838 | 1838 | Canada |
| Republic of Lucca | 1160 | 1805 | Italy |
| Republic of Madawaska | 1827 | 1827 | Canada |
| Republic of Mahabad | 1946 | 1946 | Iran |
| Republic of Manitoba | 1867 | 1870 | Canada |
| Republic of Maryland | 1854 | 1857 | Liberia |
| Republic of Mirdita | 1921 | 1921 | Albania |
| Republic of Mississippi | 1861 | 1861 | United States |
| Republic of Mountainous Armenia | 1921 | 1921 | Armenia |
| Republic of Negros | 1898 | 1899 | Philippines |
| Republic of New Granada | 1831 | 1858 | Colombia |
| Republic of Noli | 1192 | 1797 | Italy |
| Republic of North Peru | 1836 | 1839 | Peru |
| Republic of Perloja | 1918 | 1923 | Lithuania |
| Republic of Pirates | 1706 | 1718 | Bahamas |
| Republic of Pisa | 1000 | 1406 | Italy |
| Republic of Poland | 1947 | 1952 | Poland |
| Republic of Puerto Rico | 1868 | 1898 | Puerto Rico |
| Republic of Ragusa | 1358 | 1808 | Croatia |
| Republic of Rose Island | 1968 | 1969 | Italy |
| Republic of Salé | 1627 | 1668 | Morocco |
| Republic of San Marco | 1848 | 1849 | Italy |
| Republic of Senarica | 1343 | 1797 | Italy |
| Republic of Serbian Krajina | 1991 | 1995 | Croatia |
| Republic of Sonora | 1853 | 1854 | Mexico |
| Republic of South Maluku | 1950 | 1963 | Indonesia |
| Republic of South Peru | 1836 | 1839 | Peru |
| Republic of South Vietnam | 1975 | 1976 | Vietnam |
| Republic of South Vietnam | 1975 | 1976 | Vietnam |
| Republic of Spanish Haiti | 1821 | 1822 | Dominican Republic |
| Republic of Stellaland | 1882 | 1885 | South Africa |
| Republic of Tarnobrzeg | 1918 | 1919 | Poland |
| Republic of Texas | 1836 | 1846 | United States |
| Republic of the Floridas | 1817 | 1817 | United States |
| Republic of the Rif | 1921 | 1926 | Morocco |
| Republic of the Rio Grande | 1840 | 1840 | Mexico |
| Republic of the Seven United Netherlands | 1581 | 1795 | Belgium |
| Republic of Tucumán | 1820 | 1821 | Argentina |
| Republic of Uhtua | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Republic of Upingtonia | 1885 | 1887 | Namibia |
| Republic of Upper Peru | 1828 | 1828 | Bolivia |
| Republic of Upper Volta | 1958 | 1984 | Burkina Faso |
| Republic of Vemerana | 1980 | 1980 | Vanuatu |
| Republic of Venice | 697 | 1797 | Italy |
| Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) | 1955 | 1975 | Vietnam |
| Republic of West Florida | 1810 | 1810 | United States |
| Republic of Yucatán | 1841 | 1848 | Mexico |
| Republic of Zaire | 1971 | 1997 | DR Congo |
| Republic of Zakopane | 1918 | 1918 | Poland |
| Republika Srpska | 1992 | 1995 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Reuss | 1010 | 1806 | Germany |
| Revolutionary Catalonia | 1936 | 1937 | Spain |
| Revolutionary Serbia | 1804 | 1813 | Serbia |
| Rhodanic Republic | 1802 | 1810 | Switzerland |
| Rhodesia | 1965 | 1979 | Zimbabwe |
| Riau-Lingga Sultanate | 1824 | 1911 | Indonesia |
| Riograndense Republic | 1836 | 1845 | Brazil |
| Roman Republic | 19th century | 1849 | Italy |
| Royal Prussia | 1466 | 1569 | Poland |
| Rozvi Empire | 1660 | 1889 | Zimbabwe |
| Russia Military Dictatorship of Mughan | 1918 | 1919 | Iran |
| Russian Empire | 1721 | 1917 | Russia |
| Russian Republic | 1917 | 1918 | Russia |
| Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | 1917 | 1922 | Russia |
| Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Russia |
| Russian State | 1918 | 1920 | Russia |
| Ryukyu Kingdom | 1429 | 1879 | Japan |
| Saadi Sultanate | 1510 | 1649 | Morocco |
| Saar Protectorate | 1946 | 1956 | Germany |
| Samarina Republic | 1917 | 1917 | Greece |
| Sambas Sultanate | 1609 | 1819 | Indonesia |
| Samtskhe-Saatabago | 1266 | 1625 | Armenia |
| Saudeleur dynasty | 1100 | 1628 | Micronesia |
| Saxe-Altenburg | 1602 | 1871 | Germany |
| Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | 1826 | 1871 | Germany |
| Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld | 1735 | 1826 | Germany |
| Saxe-Gotha | 1640 | 1680 | Germany |
| Saxe-Hildburghausen | 1680 | 1826 | Germany |
| Saxe-Lauenburg (Duchy of Lauenburg) | 1296 | 1871 | Germany |
| Saxe-Meiningen | 1680 | 1871 | Germany |
| Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | 1809 | 1871 | Germany |
| Saxony (kingdom) | 1806 | 1871 | Germany |
| Schaumburg-Lippe | 1647 | 1871 | Germany |
| Schleswig | 1058 | 1864 | Denmark |
| Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 1599 | 1871 | Germany |
| Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | 1599 | 1871 | Germany |
| Second Bulgarian Empire | 1185 | 1396 | Bulgaria |
| Second Catalan Republic | 1931 | 1931 | Spain |
| Second Czechoslovak Republic | 1938 | 1939 | Czechia |
| Second East Turkestan Republic | 1944 | 1949 | China |
| Second Federal Republic of Mexico | 1846 | 1863 | Mexico |
| Second French Empire | 1852 | 1870 | France |
| Second Hellenic Republic | 1924 | 1935 | Greece |
| Second Mexican Empire | 1864 | 1867 | Mexico |
| Second Philippine Republic | 1943 | 1945 | Philippines |
| Second Polish Republic | 1918 | 1939 | Poland |
| Second Republic of Korea | 1960 | 1961 | South Korea |
| Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) | 1813 | 1814 | Venezuela |
| Second Spanish Republic | 1931 | 1939 | Spain |
| Senussi Order | 1837 | 1932 | Egypt |
| Septinsular Republic | 1800 | 1815 | Greece |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 2003 | 2006 | Serbia |
| Seven Nations of Canada | 1797 | 1797 | Canada |
| Shan States | 1287 | 1922 | Myanmar |
| Shanghai Great Way Government | 1937 | 1938 | China |
| Sharifian Sultanate | 1666 | 1912 | Morocco |
| Sheikdom of Upper Asir | 1916 | 1920 | Saudi Arabia |
| Sheikhdom of Kuwait | 1613 | 1961 | Kuwait |
| Shilluk Kingdom | 15th century | 1861 | Sudan |
| Shilluk Kingdom | 15th century | 1861 | Egypt |
| Shilluk Kingdom | 15th century | 1861 | Sudan |
| Shun dynasty | 1644 | 1646 | China |
| Sikh Empire | 1799 | 1849 | India |
| Sikkim | 1642 | 1975 | India |
| Sip Song Chau Tai (Tai Federation) | 1947 | 1955 | Vietnam |
| Slovak Republic | 1918 | 1938 | Slovakia |
| Slovak Soviet Republic | 1919 | 1919 | Slovakia |
| Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 1943 | 1992 | Serbia |
| Socialist Republic of Romania | 1947 | 1989 | Romania |
| Sokoto Caliphate | 1804 | 1903 | Cameroon |
| Solimana | 1600 | 1869 | Sierra Leone |
| Songhai Empire | 1340 | 1591 | Mali |
| South African Republic (Transvaal) | 1856 | 1881 | 1877 | 1902 | Eswatini |
| South Kasai | 1960 | 1962 | Republic of the Congo |
| Southern Ming | 1644 | 1662 | China |
| Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 1530 | 1798 | Malta |
| Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands | 1813 | 1815 | Netherlands |
| Sovereign Tagalog Nation | 1896 | 1897 | Philippines |
| Soviet Republic of Naissaar | 1917 | 1918 | Estonia |
| Soviet Zone of China | 1927 | 1949 | China |
| State of Anjouan | 1997 | 2007 | 2002 | 2008 | Comoros |
| State of Buenos Aires | 1852 | 1861 | Argentina |
| State of Burma | 1943 | 1945 | Myanmar |
| State of Buryat-Mongolia | 1917 | 1920 | Russia |
| State of Deseret | 1849 | 1850 | United States |
| State of East Indonesia | 1946 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of East Java | 1948 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of East Sumatra | 1947 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of Goshen | 1882 | 1883 | South Africa |
| State of Haiti | 1806 | 1811 | Haiti |
| State of Katanga | 1960 | 1963 | DR Congo |
| State of Los Altos | 1838 | 1848 | 1840 | 1849 | Guatemala |
| State of Los Altos | 1838 | 1848 | 1840 | 1849 | Guatemala |
| State of Madura | 1948 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of Muskogee | 1799 | 1803 | United States |
| State of Pasundan | 1948 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of Quito | 1809 | 1812 | Ecuador |
| State of Slovenes | Croats and Serbs | 1918 | 1918 |
| State of Somaliland | 1960 | 1960 | Somalia |
| State of South Sumatra | 1948 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| State of the Teutonic Order | 1230 | 1525 | Lithuania |
| State of Upper Peru | 1825 | 1825 | Bolivia |
| State of Vietnam | 1949 | 1955 | Vietnam |
| Strandzha Commune | 1903 | 1903 | Bulgaria |
| Sublime State of Persia | 1794 | 1925 | Iran |
| Sultanate of Aceh | 1496 | 1903 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Agadez | 1449 | 1900 | Niger |
| Sultanate of Banjar | 1526 | 1860 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Banten | 1527 | 1813 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Bone | 14th century | 1905 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Bulungan | 1731 | 1880 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Cirebon | 1445 | 1677 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Damagaram | 1731 | 1851 | Niger |
| Sultanate of Darfur | 1603 | 1898 | 1874 | 1916 | Sudan |
| Sultanate of Darfur | 1603 | 1898 | 1874 | 1916 | Egypt |
| Sultanate of Deli | 1609 | 1862 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Demak | 1475 | 1548 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Gowa | 14th century | 1911 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Hobyo | 1878 | 1925 | Ethiopia |
| Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara | 1300 | 1844 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Lahej | 1728 | 1839 | Yemen |
| Sultanate of Langkat | 1568 | 1946 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Lower Yafa | 1800 | 1895 | Saudi Arabia |
| Sultanate of Maguindanao | 1500 | 1888 | Philippines |
| Sultanate of Malacca | 1400 | 1511 | Malaysia |
| Sultanate of Maldives | 1117 | 1954 | 1796 | 1968 | Maldives |
| Sultanate of Mataram | 1588 | 1681 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Mit Ghamr | 1919 | 1919 | Egypt |
| Sultanate of Nejd | 1921 | 1925 | Saudi Arabia |
| Sultanate of Sennar | 1504 | 1821 | Sudan |
| Sultanate of Sennar | 1504 | 1821 | Egypt |
| Sultanate of Serdang | 1723 | 1946 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | 1722 | 1949 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Singora | 1605 | 1680 | Thailand |
| Sultanate of Sulu | 1405 | 1915 | Philippines |
| Sultanate of Ternate | 1257 | 1914 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of the Geledi | 17th century | 1910 | Somalia |
| Sultanate of Tidore | 1273 | 1920 | Indonesia |
| Sultanate of Tuggurt | 1414 | 1871 | Algeria |
| Sultanate of Upper Yafa | 1800 | 1903 | Saudi Arabia |
| Sultanate of Zanzibar | 1856 | 1964 | Kenya |
| Supreme Administration of the Northern Region | 1918 | 1918 | Russia |
| Supreme Council for National Reconstruction | 1961 | 1963 | South Korea |
| Supreme Junta | 1810 | 1811 | Venezuela |
| Sur Empire | 1540 | 1556 | India |
| Swellendam | 1795 | 1795 | South Africa |
| Szczecin Principality | 1160 | 1295 | 1264 | 1523 | Poland |
| Tagalog Republic | 1902 | 1906 | Philippines |
| Taiohae Kingdom of Nuku Hiva | 1901 | French Polynesia | |
| Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | 1851 | 1864 | China |
| Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic | 1929 | 1991 | Tajikistan |
| Tanganyika | 1961 | 1964 | Tanzania |
| Taqali | 1750 | 1969 | Egypt |
| Țara Litua | 1247 | 1330 | Romania |
| Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1920 | 1990 | Russia |
| Taungoo dynasty | 1486 | 1752 | Myanmar |
| Tecumseh's confederacy | 1813 | 1813 | United States |
| Tejeros Revolutionary Government | 1897 | 1897 | Philippines |
| Temeşvar Eyalet | 1552 | 1716 | Romania |
| Tenkodogo | 1120 | 1897 | Burkina Faso |
| Territory of the Saar Basin | 1920 | 1935 | Germany |
| The Expansive Realm of Iran (Safavid dynasty) | 1501 | 1736 | Iran |
| The Great Republic of Rough and Ready | 1850 | 1850 | United States |
| The Protectorate | 1653 | 1659 | United Kingdom |
| Third Czechoslovak Republic | 1945 | 1948 | Czechia |
| Third French Republic | 1870 | 1940 | France |
| Third Republic of Korea | 1963 | 1972 | South Korea |
| Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819) | 1817 | 1819 | Venezuela |
| Thomond | 1118 | 1543 | Ireland |
| Thonburi Kingdom | 1767 | 1782 | Thailand |
| Tibet | 1912 | 1951 | China |
| Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government | 1644 | 1720 | China |
| Tibetan People's Republic | 1936 | 1936 | China |
| Tibetan states | 900 | 1300 | 1240 | 1620 | China |
| Tír Eoghain | 5th century | 1607 | Ireland |
| Tokugawa shogunate | 1603 | 1868 | Japan |
| Toltec Empire | 674 | 1122 | Mexico |
| Tooro Kingdom | 1830 | 1876 | Uganda |
| Toro Kingdom | 1830 | 1876 | Uganda |
| Toucouleur Empire | 1861 | 1890 | Senegal |
| Tovaangar | 18th century | 18th century | United States |
| Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | 1918 | 1918 | Azerbaijan |
| Transkei | 1976 | 1994 | South Africa |
| Transpadane Republic | 1796 | 1797 | Italy |
| Travancore | 1729 | 1949 | India |
| Tripolitanian Republic | 1918 | 1922 | Libya |
| Tripolitanian Republic | 1918 | 1922 | Egypt |
| Tsalagiyi (ᏣᎳᎩᏱ) | 1794 | 1865 | United States |
| Tsardom of Russia | 1547 | 1721 | Russia |
| Tsenacommacah | 16th century | 1677 | United States |
| Tuʻi Tonga Empire | 450 | 1865 | Tonga |
| Tungus Republic | 1924 | 1925 | Russia |
| Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1918 | 1924 | Russia |
| Turkestan Autonomy | 1917 | 1918 | Uzbekistan |
| Turkish Federated State of Cyprus | 1975 | 1983 | Cyprus |
| Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | 1924 | 1991 | Turkmenistan |
| Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1961 | 1992 | Russia |
| Tuvan People's Republic | 1921 | 1944 | Russia |
| Tyrconnell | 5th century | 1607 | Ireland |
| Udaipur State | 734 | 1818 | India |
| Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1934 | 1990 | Russia |
| Uí Maine | 357 | 1611 | Ireland |
| Ukrainian National Government | 1941 | 1941 | Ukraine |
| Ukrainian People's Republic | 1917 | 1920 | Ukraine |
| Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1919 | 1991 | Ukraine |
| Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Russia |
| Ukrainian State | 1918 | 1918 | Ukraine |
| Union of South Africa | 1910 | 1961 | South Africa |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 1922 | 1991 | Russia |
| United Arab Republic | 1958 | 1971 | Egypt |
| United Baltic Duchy | 1918 | 1918 | Estonia |
| United Belgian States | 1789 | 1790 | Belgium |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | 1801 | 1922 | United Kingdom |
| United Kingdom of Poland | 1320 | 1386 | Poland |
| United Kingdom of Portugal | Brazil and the Algarves | 1815 | 1825 |
| United Kingdom of the Netherlands | 1815 | 1839 | Netherlands |
| United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway | 1814 | 1905 | Norway |
| United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia | 1859 | 1881 | Moldova |
| United Provinces of Central America | 1823 | 1841 | Costa Rica |
| United Provinces of Central Italy | 1859 | 1860 | Italy |
| United Provinces of New Granada | 1811 | 1816 | Colombia |
| United Provinces of the Río de la Plata | 1810 | 1831 | Argentina |
| United States of Indonesia | 1949 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| United States of Stellaland | 1883 | 1885 | South Africa |
| United States of the Ionian Islands | 1815 | 1864 | Greece |
| United Suvadive Republic | 1959 | 1963 | Maldives |
| Uryankhay Krai | 1914 | 1921 | Russia |
| Uryankhay Republic | 1911 | 1914 | Russia |
| Uzbek Khanate | 1428 | 1471 | Uzbekistan |
| Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic | 1924 | 1991 | Uzbekistan |
| Varat Eyalet | 1660 | 1692 | Romania |
| Venda | 1979 | 1994 | South Africa |
| Vermont Republic | 1777 | 1791 | United States |
| Vichy France | 1940 | 1944 | France |
| Viscounty of Béarn | 9th century | 1620 | France |
| Vistula Land | 1867 | 1915 | Poland |
| Voivodeship of Gelu | 9th century | 11th century | Romania |
| Voivodeship of Glad | 10th century | 10th century | Romania |
| Voivodeship of Maramureș | 1320 | 1402 | Romania |
| Voivodeship of Menumorut | 9th century | 11th century | Romania |
| Voivodship of Seneslav | 13th century | 13th century | Romania |
| Voivodship of Transylvania | 12th century | 1541 | Romania |
| Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1918 | 1941 | Russia |
| Vyatka Land | 12th century | 1489 | Russia |
| Wabash Confederacy | 1792 | 1792 | United States |
| Wadai Empire | 1501 | 1912 | Chad |
| Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf | 1640 | 1888 | Saudi Arabia |
| Wahidi Sultanate of Haban | 1640 | 1895 | Yemen |
| Waldeck | 1180 | 1871 | Germany |
| Wallachian Eyalet | 1595 | 1595 | Romania |
| Wassoulou Empire | 1878 | 1898 | Guinea |
| Wattasid dynasty | 1472 | 1549 | Morocco |
| Weimar Republic | 1918 | 1933 | Germany |
| Welayta Kingdom | 1250 | 1894 | Ethiopia |
| West Germany | 1949 | 1990 | Germany |
| West Kalimantan | 1946 | 1950 | Indonesia |
| West Ukrainian People's Republic | 1918 | 1919 | Ukraine |
| Witu Sultanate | 1810 | 1905/1923 | Kenya |
| Wogodogo | 1182 | 1897 | Burkina Faso |
| Württemberg (kingdom) | 1806 | 1871 | Germany |
| Xi dynasty | 1643 | 1647 | China |
| Yaka Kingdom | 17th century | 18th century | DR Congo |
| Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | 1922 | 1991 | Russia |
| Yarkent Khanate | 1514 | 1705 | China |
| Yatenga | 1895 | Burkina Faso | |
| Yazoo lands | 1802 | 1802 | United States |
| Yeke Kingdom | 1856 | 1891 | DR Congo |
| Yemen Arab Republic | 1962 | 1990 | Yemen |
| Yuan dynasty | 1271 | 1368 | China |
| Zabarma Emirate | 1860 | 1897 | Burkina Faso |
| Zaporozhian Sich | 1552 | 1775 | Ukraine |
| Zapotec civilization | 700 BC | 1521 | Mexico |
| Zawiya Dila'iya | 1637 | 1668 | Morocco |
| Zimbabwe Rhodesia | 1979 | 1980 | Zimbabwe |
| Zulu Kingdom | 1816 | 1897 | South Africa |
While it is often tempting for patriotic people to think of their homeland as permanent and everlasting, it is an undeniable fact that sometimes even countries cease to exist.
There are several possible reasons for a nation to come to an end. Some countries merge to form (or reform, in the case of East Germany and West Germany) a single country. Other countries split apart—for example, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), dissolved into 15 smaller countries in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Some countries have been annexed, such as when the growing United States of America absorbed the fledgeling Republic of Texas in 1845. Others have been conquered outright and assimilated, as happened when Vietnam absorbed the kingdom of Champa. Finally (and least catastrophically), some nations have remained intact and simply adopted a new name, such as when Ceylon “died” and was reborn as Sri Lanka in 1972.
World War I and World War II saw immense disruption to the alignment and existence of many countries throughout the world. Alsace-Lorraine, the region that straddles France and Germany, ceased to exist in 1918 with the end of World War I. The Weimar Republic became Nazi Germany, both of which no longer exist and are parts of the modern country of Germany.
The slow-motion collapse of the Soviet Union from 1988-1992 led to the introduction of 15 separate countries in Europe and Asia. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, two countries that emerged out of World War I and World War II and which had strong ties to the U.S.S.R., dissolved alongside it. Czechoslovakia became Czechia and Slovakia, and Yugoslavia broke apart to form Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, and Kosovo (which was struggling to attain independence from Serbia in 2021).
In the Middle East, The United Arab Republic was formed in 1958 by merging Egypt and Syria; the UAR then attempted to add a third country, then called North Yemen, and become the United Arab States. Both the UAR and UAS dissolved in 1961.
Some view the Native Americans and First Nations as having historical sovereign states, as they once had their own governments and tribal alliances, but are now part of modern countries such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico. There is significant contention around this idea, as the US Constitution allows for autonomy of the native tribes, but this autonomy is often poorly respected or simply ignored.