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The word president comes from the word praesidere which is defined as “sitting before.” It is also an extension of the word preside, to decide or to monitor the activities of the people at the table before you. The president of any nation is typically the leader of a democracy and the head of state. It is also the head of the armed forces in many cases.
Some countries with presidents also have prime ministers, who serve as the leader of all of the ministers in a parliamentary system.
Many countries have a prime minister which is a leader in a parliamentary system. This is a key stakeholder in the legislator and the leader that handles the debates and negotiations between parties in the parliamentary system. It is a role that often has more intense and dramatic responsibilities than a president, who is the last vote. The prime minister will manage the debates leading up to the vote.
In a presidential system, the president waits for the people at the table to finish talking. In America, the president isn’t even in the room when they do, but will get the final say. The prime minister is also the head of state.
The country of Germany has a chancellor and they have the same role as the prime minister. A country with a chancellor is a democracy and has a parliamentary system of making laws and voting. The chancellor will be the head of the government as well and typically functions independently. In Switzerland, there is a chancellor but they do not always have the final say here. The title of chancellor is one of the titles of leaders of countries that is ubiquitous in roles and job responsibilities but for Germany who is considered a world power as a result of being part of the Normandy Four.
Kings and queens are monarch leaders who identify with the identity of a nation and are typically landowners, and monarchs of the land they own. In some countries, kings and queens can levy enforcement of laws, but in many, they don’t. The royal structure is a political one still, where the family plays a role in world politics in a way that nobody truly understands.
It is the job of a monarch in these cases to defer to the governing bodies of their nations, regardless of their wealth and historical-geographical influence.
The Supreme Leader of a country is a country that has one person ruling as a head of state and typically in a dictatorial fashion. In this government, there are many leaders, and the head of state is the Supreme Leader. Kim Jong Un is the Supreme Leader of North Korea, and also the Chairman of the head of government and the Worker’s Party of Korea. Other countries with Supreme Leaders include Iran and Japan.
Country | Head of State Title | Head of State 2023 | Head of Govt Title | Head of Govt 2023 | Additional Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malaysia | Yang di-Pertuan Agong | Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah | Prime Minister | Anwar Ibrahim | |
Sudan | Transitional Sovereignty Council | Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman of Transitional Sovereignty Council) | Prime Minister | Osman Hussein | |
Chad | Transitional President | Mahamat Déby | Prime Minister | Saleh Kebzabo | |
Iran | Supreme Leader | Ali Khamenei | President | Ebrahim Raisi | |
Afghanistan | Supreme Leader | Hibatullah Akhundzada | Prime Minister | Abdul Kabir | |
Oman | Sultan and Prime Minister | Haitham bin Tariq | |||
Brunei | Sultan and Prime Minister | Hassanal Bolkiah | |||
Monaco | Sovereign Prince | Albert II | Minister of State | Pierre Dartout | |
Vatican City | Sovereign | Pope Francis | President of the Governorate | Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga | |
Denmark | Queen | Margrethe II | Prime Minister | Mette Frederiksen | |
Liechtenstein | Prince Regnant, Regent | Hans-Adam II (Prince Regnant), Hereditary Prince Alois (Regent) | Prime Minister | Daniel Risch | |
Burkina Faso | President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, President | Ibrahim Traoré (President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration), Ibrahim Traoré (Interim President) | Prime Minister | Apollinaire Kyélem (Interim Prime Minister) | |
India | President | Droupadi Murmu | Prime Minister | Narendra Modi | |
United States | President | Joe Biden | |||
Indonesia | President | Joko Widodo | |||
Pakistan | President | Arif Alvi | Prime Minister | Shehbaz Sharif | |
Nigeria | President | Bola Tinubu | |||
Brazil | President | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | |||
Bangladesh | President | Mohammed Shahabuddin | Prime Minister | Sheikh Hasina | |
Russia | President | Vladimir Putin | Prime Minister | Mikhail Mishustin | |
Mexico | President | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | |||
Ethiopia | President | Sahle-Work Zewde | Prime Minister | Abiy Ahmed | |
Philippines | President | Bongbong Marcos | |||
Egypt | President | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | Prime Minister | Mostafa Madbouly | |
DR Congo | President | Félix Tshisekedi | Prime Minister | Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde | |
Turkey | President | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | |||
Germany | President | Frank-Walter Steinmeier | Chancellor | Olaf Scholz | |
Tanzania | President | Samia Suluhu Hassan | Prime Minister | Kassim Majaliwa | |
France | President | Emmanuel Macron | Prime Minister | Élisabeth Borne | |
South Africa | President | Cyril Ramaphosa | |||
Italy | President | Sergio Mattarella | Prime Minister | Giorgia Meloni | |
Kenya | President | William Ruto | |||
Colombia | President | Gustavo Petro | |||
South Korea | President | Yoon Suk-yeol | |||
Uganda | President | Yoweri Museveni | Prime Minister | Robinah Nabbanja | |
Argentina | President | Alberto Fernández | |||
Algeria | President | Abdelmadjid Tebboune | Prime Minister | Aymen Benabderrahmane | |
Iraq | President | Abdul Latif Rashid | Prime Minister | Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani | |
Poland | President | Andrzej Duda | Prime Minister | Mateusz Morawiecki | |
Ukraine | President | Volodymyr Zelenskyy | Prime Minister | Denys Shmyhal | |
Angola | President | João Lourenço | |||
Uzbekistan | President | Shavkat Mirziyoyev | Prime Minister | Abdulla Aripov | |
Peru | President | Dina Boluarte | Prime Minister | Alberto Otárola | |
Ghana | President | Nana Akufo-Addo | |||
Mozambique | President | Filipe Nyusi | Prime Minister | Adriano Maleiane | |
Nepal | President | Ram Chandra Poudel | Prime Minister | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | |
Madagascar | President | Andry Rajoelina | Prime Minister | Christian Ntsay | |
Ivory Coast | President | Alassane Ouattara | Prime Minister | Patrick Achi | |
Venezuela | President | Nicolás Maduro | |||
Cameroon | President | Paul Biya | Prime Minister | Joseph Ngute | |
Niger | President | Mohamed Bazoum | Prime Minister | Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou | |
Syria | President | Bashar al-Assad | Prime Minister | Hussein Arnous | |
Sri Lanka | President | Ranil Wickremesinghe | Prime Minister | Dinesh Gunawardena | |
Malawi | President | Lazarus Chakwera | |||
Zambia | President | Hakainde Hichilema | |||
Romania | President | Klaus Iohannis | Prime Minister | Nicolae Ciucă | |
Chile | President | Gabriel Boric | |||
Kazakhstan | President | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | Prime Minister | Älihan Smaiylov | |
Ecuador | President | Guillermo Lasso | |||
Somalia | President | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | Prime Minister | Hamza Abdi Barre | |
Guatemala | President | Alejandro Giammattei | |||
Senegal | President | Macky Sall | Prime Minister | Amadou Ba | |
Zimbabwe | President | Emmerson Mnangagwa | |||
Rwanda | President | Paul Kagame | Prime Minister | Édouard Ngirente | |
Benin | President | Patrice Talon | |||
Burundi | President | Évariste Ndayishimiye | Prime Minister | Gervais Ndirakobuca | |
Tunisia | President | Kaïs Saïed | Prime Minister | Najla Bouden | |
Bolivia | President | Luis Arce | |||
Haiti | President | Prime Minister | Ariel Henry | ||
Dominican Republic | President | Luis Abinader | |||
South Sudan | President | Salva Kiir Mayardit | |||
Honduras | President | Xiomara Castro | |||
Czech Republic | President | Petr Pavel | Prime Minister | Petr Fiala | |
Azerbaijan | President | Ilham Aliyev | Prime Minister | Ali Asadov | |
Greece | President | Katerina Sakellaropoulou | Prime Minister | Ioannis Sarmas | |
Portugal | President | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | Prime Minister | António Costa | |
Hungary | President | Katalin Novák | Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán | |
Tajikistan | President | Emomali Rahmon | Prime Minister | Kokhir Rasulzoda | |
United Arab Emirates | President | Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | |
Belarus | President | Alexander Lukashenko | Prime Minister | Roman Golovchenko | |
Israel | President | Isaac Herzog | Prime Minister | Benjamin Netanyahu | |
Togo | President | Faure Gnassingbé | Prime Minister | Victoire Tomegah Dogbé | |
Austria | President | Alexander Van der Bellen | Chancellor | Karl Nehammer | |
Sierra Leone | President | Julius Maada Bio | Chief Minister | Jacob Jusu Saffa | |
Serbia | President | Aleksandar Vučić | Prime Minister | Ana Brnabić | |
Nicaragua | President | Daniel Ortega | |||
Paraguay | President | Mario Abdo Benítez (President), Santiago Peña (President-elect) | |||
Kyrgyzstan | President | Sadyr Japarov | Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers | Akylbek Japarov | |
Bulgaria | President | Rumen Radev | Prime Minister | Nikolai Denkov | |
El Salvador | President | Nayib Bukele | |||
Republic of the Congo | President | Denis Sassou Nguesso | Prime Minister | Anatole Collinet Makosso | |
Singapore | President | Halimah Yacob | Prime Minister | Lee Hsien Loong | |
Slovakia | President | Zuzana Čaputová | Prime Minister | Ľudovít Ódor | |
Central African Republic | President | Faustin-Archange Touadéra | Prime Minister | Félix Moloua | |
Finland | President | Sauli Niinistö | Prime Minister | Sanna Marin | |
Liberia | President | George Weah | |||
Palestine | President | Mahmoud Abbas | Prime Minister | Mohammad Shtayyeh | |
Lebanon | President | Prime Minister | Najib Mikati | ||
Costa Rica | President | Rodrigo Chaves Robles | |||
Ireland | President | Michael D. Higgins | Taoiseach | Leo Varadkar | |
Mauritania | President | Mohamed Ould Ghazouani | Prime Minister | Mohamed Ould Bilal | |
Panama | President | Laurentino Cortizo | |||
Croatia | President | Zoran Milanović | Prime Minister | Andrej Plenković | |
Eritrea | President | Isaias Afwerki | |||
Georgia | President | Salome Zourabichvili | Prime Minister | Irakli Garibashvili | |
Mongolia | President | Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Prime Minister | Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene | |
Moldova | President | Maia Sandu | Prime Minister | Dorin Recean | |
Uruguay | President | Luis Lacalle Pou | |||
Albania | President | Bajram Begaj | Prime Minister | Edi Rama | |
Armenia | President | Vahagn Khachaturyan | Prime Minister | Nikol Pashinyan | |
Gambia | President | Adama Barrow | |||
Lithuania | President | Gitanas Nausėda | Prime Minister | Ingrida Šimonytė | |
Botswana | President | Mokgweetsi Masisi | |||
Namibia | President | Hage Geingob | Prime Minister | Saara Kuugongelwa | |
Gabon | President | Ali Bongo Ondimba | Prime Minister | Alain Claude Bilie By Nze | |
Guinea Bissau | President | Umaro Sissoco Embaló | Prime Minister | Nuno Gomes Nabiam (Prime Minister), Domingos Simões Pereira (Prime minister-designate) | |
Slovenia | President | Nataša Pirc Musar | Prime Minister | Robert Golob | |
North Macedonia | President | Stevo Pendarovski | Prime Minister | Dimitar Kovačevski | |
Latvia | President | Egils Levits (President), Edgars Rinkēvičs (President-elect) | Prime Minister | Krišjānis Kariņš | |
Equatorial Guinea | President | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Prime Minister | Manuela Roka Botey | |
Trinidad and Tobago | President | Christine Kangaloo | Prime Minister | Keith Rowley | |
Timor Leste | President | José Ramos-Horta | Prime Minister | Taur Matan Ruak (Prime Minister), Xanana Gusmão (Prime minister-designate) | |
Estonia | President | Alar Karis | Prime Minister | Kaja Kallas | |
Mauritius | President | Prithvirajsing Roopun | Prime Minister | Pravind Jugnauth | |
Cyprus | President | Nikos Christodoulides | |||
Djibouti | President | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh | Prime Minister | Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed | |
Fiji | President | Ratu Wiliame Katonivere | Prime Minister | Sitiveni Rabuka | |
Comoros | President | Azali Assoumani | |||
Guyana | President | Irfaan Ali | Prime Minister | Mark Phillips | |
Montenegro | President | Jakov Milatović | Prime Minister | Dritan Abazović | |
Suriname | President | Chan Santokhi | |||
Cape Verde | President | José Maria Neves | Prime Minister | Ulisses Correia e Silva | |
Malta | President | George Vella | Prime Minister | Robert Abela | |
Maldives | President | Ibrahim Mohamed Solih | |||
Iceland | President | Guðni Th. Jóhannesson | Prime Minister | Katrín Jakobsdóttir | |
Vanuatu | President | Nikenike Vurobaravu | Prime Minister | Ishmael Kalsakau | |
Barbados | President | Dame Sandra Mason | Prime Minister | Mia Mottley | |
Sao Tome and Principe | President | Carlos Vila Nova | Prime Minister | Patrice Trovoada | |
Kiribati | President | Taneti Maamau | |||
Micronesia | President | Wesley Simina | |||
Seychelles | President | Wavel Ramkalawan | |||
Dominica | President | Charles Savarin | Prime Minister | Roosevelt Skerrit | |
Marshall Islands | President | David Kabua | |||
Palau | President | Surangel Whipps Jr. | |||
Nauru | President | Russ Kun | |||
Samoa | O le Ao o le Malo | Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II | Prime Minister | Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa | |
Eswatini | Ngwenyama, Ndlovukati | Mswati III (Ngwenyama), Ntfombi (Ndlovukati) | Prime Minister | Cleopas Dlamini | |
Cook Islands | King, King's Representative | Charles III (King), Sir Tom Marsters (King's Representative) | Prime Minister | Mark Brown | Associated with New Zealand |
Niue | King, King's Representative | Charles III (King), Dame Cindy Kiro (King's Representative) | Premier | Dalton Tagelagi | Associated with New Zealand |
Australia | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), David Hurley (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese | |
Papua New Guinea | King, Governor-General | Charles II (King), Sir Bob Dadae (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | James Marape | |
New Zealand | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Dame Cindy Kiro (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Chris Hipkins | |
Jamaica | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Sir Patrick Allen (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Andrew Holness | |
Solomon Islands | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Sir David Vunagi (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Manasseh Sogavare | |
Bahamas | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Sir Cornelius A. Smith (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Philip Davis | |
Belize | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Dame Froyla Tzalam (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Johnny Briceño | |
Saint Lucia | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Errol Charles (Acting Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Philip J. Pierre | |
Grenada | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Dame Cécile La Grenade (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Dickon Mitchell | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Dame Susan Dougan (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Ralph Gonsalves | |
Antigua and Barbuda | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Sir Rodney Williams (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Gaston Browne | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | King, Governor-General | Charles II (King), Dame Marcella Liburd (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Terrance Drew | |
Tuvalu | King, Governor-General | Charles III (King), Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani (Governor-General) | Prime Minister | Kausea Natano | |
Canada | King, Governor General | Charles II (King), Mary Simon (Governor General) | Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau | |
Thailand | King | Maha Vajiralongkorn | Prime Minister | Prayut Chan-o-cha | |
United Kingdom | King | Charles III | Prime Minister | Rishi Sunak | |
Spain | King | Felipe VI | Prime Minister | Pedro Sánchez | |
Morocco | King | Mohammed VI | Prime Minister | Aziz Akhannouch | |
Saudi Arabia | King | Salman | Prime Minister | Mohammed bin Salman | |
Netherlands | King | Willem-Alexander | Prime Minister | Mark Rutte | |
Cambodia | King | Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister | Hun Sen | |
Belgium | King | Philippe | Prime Minister | Alexander De Croo | |
Jordan | King | Abdullah II | Prime Minister | Bisher Al-Khasawneh | |
Sweden | King | Carl XVI Gustaf | Prime Minister | Ulf Kristersson | |
Norway | King | Harald V | Prime Minister | Jonas Gahr Støre | |
Lesotho | King | Letsie III | Prime Minister | Sam Matekane | |
Bahrain | King | Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | Prime Minister | Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa | |
Bhutan | King | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Prime Minister | Lotay Tshering | |
Tonga | King | Tupou VI | Prime Minister | Siaosi Sovaleni | |
Mali | Interim President | Assimi Goïta | Interim Prime Minister | Choguel Kokalla Maïga | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | High Representative, Presidency | Christian Schmidt (High Representative); Željka Cvijanović, Denis Bećirović, Željko Komšić (Presidency) | Prime Minister | Borjana Krišto | Presidency is shared between three presidents, one each from Serbia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina |
Luxembourg | Grand Duke | Henri | Prime Minister | Xavier Bettel | |
North Korea | General Secretary of the Workers' Party, President of the State Affairs Commission | Kim Jong Un (General Secretary of the Workers' Party, President of the State Affairs Commission) | Premier | Kim Tok-hun | |
Laos | General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party, President | Thongloun Sisoulith (General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party, President) | Prime Minister | Sonexay Siphandone | |
China | General Secretary of the Communist Party, President | Xi Jinping (General Secretary of the Communist Party, President) | Premier | Li Qiang | |
Vietnam | General Secretary of the Communist Party, President | Nguyễn Phú Trọng (General Secretary of the Communist Party), Võ Văn Thưởng (President) | Prime Minister | Phạm Minh Chính | |
Cuba | First Secretary of the Communist Party | Miguel Díaz-Canel (First Secretary of the Communist Party, President) | Prime Minister | Manuel Marrero Cruz | |
Switzerland | Federal Council | Alain Berset (President of Federal Council), Viola Amherd (Vice President of Federal Council), Guy Parmelin, Ignazio Cassis, Karin Keller-Sutter, Albert Rösti, Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (Members of Federal Council) | |||
Andorra | Episcopal Co-Prince, French Co-Prince | Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (Episcopal Co-Prince), Emmanuel Macron (French Co-Prince) | Prime Minister | Xavier Espot | Josep Maria Mauri (Joan Enric Vives i Sicília representative), Patrick Strzoda (Emmanuel Macron representative) |
Japan | Emperor | Naruhito | Prime Minister | Fumio Kishida | |
Kuwait | Emir | Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Prime Minister | Sheikh Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah | |
Qatar | Emir | Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani | |
Myanmar | Chairman of the State Administration Council, President | Min Aung Hlaing (Chairman of the State Administration Council), Myint Swe (Acting President) | Prime Minister | Min Aung Hlaing | |
Yemen | Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council | Rashad al-Alimi | Prime Minister | Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed | |
Libya | Chairman of the Presidential Council | Mohamed al-Menfi | Prime Minister | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh | |
Turkmenistan | Chairman of the People's Council, President | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (Chairman of the People's Council), Serdar Berdimuhamedow (President) | |||
Guinea | Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development, President | Mamady Doumbouya (Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development, Interim President) | Interim Prime Minister | Bernard Gomou | |
San Marino | Captain Regent | Alessandro Scarano (Captain Regent), Adele Tonnini (Captain Regent) | Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs | Luca Beccari |
The longest title for a world leader is the General Secretary of the Workers' Party, President of the State Affairs Commission, Kim Jong Un of North Korea's position.