
Country | Head of Govt Title↓ | Head of Govt 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | Taoiseach (Prime Minister) | Simon Harris | |
| San Marino | Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs | Luca Beccari | |
| India | Prime Minister | Narendra Modi | |
| Pakistan | Prime Minister | Shehbaz Sharif | |
| Russia | Prime Minister | Mikhail Mishustin | |
| Ethiopia | Prime Minister | Abiy Ahmed | |
| Japan | Prime Minister | Fumio Kishida | |
| Egypt | Prime Minister | Mostafa Madbouly | |
| DR Congo | Prime Minister | Judith Tuluka | |
| Vietnam | Prime Minister | Phạm Minh Chính | |
| Thailand | Prime Minister | Paetongtarn Shinawatra | |
| Tanzania | Prime Minister | Kassim Majaliwa | |
| United Kingdom | Prime Minister | Keir Starmer | |
| France | Prime Minister | Irakli Kobakhidze | |
| Italy | Prime Minister | Giorgia Meloni | |
| Myanmar | Prime Minister | Min Aung Hlaing | |
| South Korea | Prime Minister | Han Duck-soo | |
| Sudan | Prime Minister | Osman Hussein | |
| Uganda | Prime Minister | Robinah Nabbanja | |
| Spain | Prime Minister | Pedro Sánchez | |
| Algeria | Prime Minister | Nadir Larbaoui | |
| Iraq | Prime Minister | Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani | |
| Afghanistan | Prime Minister | Hasan Akhund | |
| Yemen | Prime Minister | Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak | |
| Canada | Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau | |
| Ukraine | Prime Minister | Denys Shmyhal | |
| Morocco | Prime Minister | Aziz Akhannouch | |
| Poland | Prime Minister | Donald Tusk | |
| Uzbekistan | Prime Minister | Abdulla Aripov | |
| Malaysia | Prime Minister | Anwar Ibrahim | |
| Mozambique | Prime Minister | Adriano Maleiane | |
| Peru | Prime Minister | Gustavo Adrianzén | |
| Saudi Arabia | Prime Minister | Mohammed bin Salman | |
| Madagascar | Prime Minister | Christian Ntsay | |
| Ivory Coast | Prime Minister | Robert Beugré Mambé | |
| Cameroon | Prime Minister | Joseph Ngute | |
| Nepal | Prime Minister | KP Sharma Oli | |
| Niger | Prime Minister | Ali Lamine Zeine | |
| Australia | Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese | |
| Syria | Prime Minister | Hussein Arnous | |
| Burkina Faso | Prime Minister | Apollinaire Kyélem (Interim Prime Minister) | |
| Sri Lanka | Prime Minister | Dinesh Gunawardena | |
| Chad | Prime Minister | Allamaye Halina | |
| Kazakhstan | Prime Minister | Oljas Bektenov | |
| Somalia | Prime Minister | Hamza Abdi Barre | |
| Senegal | Prime Minister | Ousmane Sonko | |
| Romania | Prime Minister | Marcel Ciolacu | |
| Netherlands | Prime Minister | Dick Schoof | |
| Cambodia | Prime Minister | Hun Manet | |
| Guinea | Prime Minister | Bah Oury | |
| Rwanda | Prime Minister | Édouard Ngirente | |
| Burundi | Prime Minister | Gervais Ndirakobuca | |
| Tunisia | Prime Minister | Kamel Madouri | |
| Haiti | Prime Minister | Garry Conille (Acting Prime Minister) | |
| Belgium | Prime Minister | Alexander De Croo | |
| Jordan | Prime Minister | Bisher Al-Khasawneh | |
| United Arab Emirates | Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | |
| Cuba | Prime Minister | Manuel Marrero Cruz | |
| Tajikistan | Prime Minister | Kokhir Rasulzoda | |
| Papua New Guinea | Prime Minister | James Marape | |
| Sweden | Prime Minister | Ulf Kristersson | |
| Czechia | Prime Minister | Petr Fiala | |
| Portugal | Prime Minister | Luís Montenegro | |
| Azerbaijan | Prime Minister | Ali Asadov | |
| Greece | Prime Minister | Kyriakos Mitsotakis | |
| Togo | Prime Minister | Victoire Tomegah Dogbé | |
| Hungary | Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán | |
| Israel | Prime Minister | Benjamin Netanyahu | |
| Belarus | Prime Minister | Roman Golovchenko | |
| Laos | Prime Minister | Sonexay Siphandone | |
| Libya | Prime Minister | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Prime Minister | Akylbek Dzaparov | |
| Bulgaria | Prime Minister | Dimitar Glavchev (Acting Prime Minister) | |
| Serbia | Prime Minister | Miloš Vučević | |
| Republic of the Congo | Prime Minister | Anatole Collinet Makosso | |
| Denmark | Prime Minister | Mette Frederiksen | |
| Singapore | Prime Minister | Lawrence Wong | |
| Lebanon | Prime Minister | Najib Mikati | |
| Finland | Prime Minister | Petteri Orpo | |
| Norway | Prime Minister | Jonas Gahr Støre | |
| Palestine | Prime Minister | Mohammad Mustafa | |
| Central African Republic | Prime Minister | Félix Moloua | |
| Oman | Prime Minister | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said | |
| Slovakia | Prime Minister | Robert Fico | |
| Mauritania | Prime Minister | Mokhtar Ould Djay | |
| New Zealand | Prime Minister | Christopher Luxon | |
| Kuwait | Prime Minister | Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah | |
| Croatia | Prime Minister | Andrej Plenković | |
| Georgia | Prime Minister | Irakli Kobakhidze | |
| Mongolia | Prime Minister | Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Prime Minister | Borjana Krišto | |
| Qatar | Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani | |
| Namibia | Prime Minister | Saara Kuugongelwa | |
| Moldova | Prime Minister | Dorin Recean | |
| Armenia | Prime Minister | Nikol Pashinyan | |
| Jamaica | Prime Minister | Andrew Holness | |
| Lithuania | Prime Minister | Ingrida Šimonytė | |
| Albania | Prime Minister | Edi Rama | |
| Gabon | Prime Minister | Raymond Ndong Sima | |
| Lesotho | Prime Minister | Sam Matekane | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Prime Minister | Rui Duarte de Barros | |
| Slovenia | Prime Minister | Robert Golob | |
| Equatorial Guinea | Prime Minister | Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua | |
| Latvia | Prime Minister | Evika Siliņa | |
| North Macedonia | Prime Minister | Hristijan Mickoski | |
| Bahrain | Prime Minister | Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Prime Minister | Keith Rowley | |
| Timor-Leste | Prime Minister | Xanana Gusmão | |
| Estonia | Prime Minister | Kristen Michal | |
| Mauritius | Prime Minister | Pravind Jugnauth | |
| Eswatini | Prime Minister | Russell Dlamini | |
| Djibouti | Prime Minister | Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed | |
| Fiji | Prime Minister | Sitiveni Rabuka | |
| Solomon Islands | Prime Minister | Jeremiah Manele | |
| Guyana | Prime Minister | Mark Phillips | |
| Bhutan | Prime Minister | Tshering Tobgay | |
| Luxembourg | Prime Minister | Luc Frieden | |
| Montenegro | Prime Minister | Milojko Spajić | |
| Malta | Prime Minister | Robert Abela | |
| Cape Verde | Prime Minister | Ulisses Correia e Silva | |
| Brunei | Prime Minister | Hassanal Bolkiah | |
| Belize | Prime Minister | Johnny Briceño | |
| Bahamas | Prime Minister | Philip Davis | |
| Iceland | Prime Minister | Bjarni Benediktsson | |
| Vanuatu | Prime Minister | Charlot Salwai | |
| Barbados | Prime Minister | Mia Mottley | |
| Sao Tome and Principe | Prime Minister | Patrice Trovoada | |
| Samoa | Prime Minister | Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa | |
| Saint Lucia | Prime Minister | Philip J. Pierre | |
| Grenada | Prime Minister | Dickon Mitchell | |
| Tonga | Prime Minister | Siaosi Sovaleni | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Prime Minister | Ralph Gonsalves | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Prime Minister | Gaston Browne | |
| Andorra | Prime Minister | Xavier Espot | |
| Dominica | Prime Minister | Roosevelt Skerrit | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Prime Minister | Terrance Drew | |
| Liechtenstein | Prime Minister | Daniel Risch | |
| Cook Islands | Prime Minister | Mark Brown | |
| Tuvalu | Prime Minister | Feleti Teo | |
| Vatican City | President of the Governorate | Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga | |
| Iran | President | Masoud Pezeshkian | |
| China | Premier | Li Qiang | |
| North Korea | Premier | Kim Tok-hun | |
| Taiwan | Premier | Cho Jung-tai | |
| Niue | Premier | Dalton Tagelagi | |
| Monaco | Minister of State | Pierre Dartout | |
| Mali | Interim Prime Minister | Choguel Kokalla Maïga | |
| Sierra Leone | Chief Minister | David Moinina Sengeh | |
| Bangladesh | Chief Adviser | Muhammad Yunus | |
| Germany | Chancellor | Olaf Scholz | |
| Austria | Chancellor | Karl Nehammer |
The word ‘president’ comes from the Latin word ‘praesidere’ which means “to sit before or in front of.” It is also an extension of the word ‘preside,’ which means to decide or to monitor the activities of the people at the table before the one presiding. The president of any nation is typically the leader of a democracy and the head of state. It is also the head of the armed forces in many cases.
Some countries with presidents also have prime ministers who lead the cabinet in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
Many countries have a prime minister, who serves as the head of government in a parliamentary system. The prime minister plays a central role in shaping policy, leading the executive branch, and working with the legislature to pass laws. Unlike presidents in presidential systems, prime ministers are often active in parliamentary debates and coalition-building.
The role of the prime minister is typically more dynamic than that of a president, as they must navigate party negotiations, manage government policy, and maintain parliamentary support to stay in power. However, the prime minister is not the head of state; that position is usually held by a monarch or ceremonial president.
In a presidential system, such as in the United States, the president is separate from the legislature and does not participate in parliamentary debates. Instead, they have executive authority and the power to approve or veto legislation.
The title of chancellor is a common designation for national leaders, with varying roles and responsibilities across different countries.
In Switzerland, there is a chancellor, but they do not always have the final say. However, in Germany—widely recognized as a world power and a member of the Normandy Four—the role of chancellor holds particular significance.
Germany has a chancellor who has the same role as the prime minister. A country with a chancellor is a democracy and has a parliamentary system of making laws and voting. The chancellor is the head of the government as well and typically functions independently.
Monarchs serve as symbolic leaders, representing the identity of their nations. Historically, they ruled over the lands they governed, but today their powers vary widely. In some countries, they retain limited legal authority, while in most, their role is purely ceremonial.
Despite their diminished political power, royal families continue to wield influence through diplomacy, soft power, and global networks. While their exact role in world politics is complex, their presence remains significant.
In constitutional monarchies, kings and queens defer to elected governments, regardless of their personal wealth or historical prominence.
The Supreme Leader of a country is one person ruling as a head of state, typically in a dictatorial fashion. While governments with Supreme Leaders may have other officials in leadership roles, ultimate authority rests with the Supreme Leader. Kim Jong Un is the Supreme Leader of North Korea, serving as the head of state and Chairman of the Workers’ Party of Korea. Another example is Iran, where the Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, holds the highest political and religious authority.
Unlike constitutional monarchies or democracies, nations with Supreme Leaders typically centralize power, limiting political opposition and democratic institutions.