Yes
No
Electronic Voting by Country 2024
Electronic voting, also known as e-voting, is a collective term for any technology that assists in casting or counting ballots. These include direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines, which may or may not use a voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) to verify votes. Additional electronic voting technologies include an electronic ballot printer (EBP), internet voting system (IVS), optical character recognition (OCR) and vote-by-text-message (SMS) systems.
Countries may use electronic voting, for national elections, sub-national elections, or other types of elections like non-binding referendums and trade union elections. In addition to casting and counting ballots, the election may also be controlled electronically. Furthermore, only certain types of voters may be allowed to vote electronically.
The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) has published the following information on countries that allow some degree of electronic voting as of July 2023:
Country | Election Types | Technology | Control Status | Voter Types
India - National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
United States - National and sub-national elections | DRE, OCR, OMR | Controlled | Varies by state, but extensive options
Pakistan - National elections | IVS | Controlled | Voters from abroad
Brazil - National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
Bangladesh - National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies
Mexico - Sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Both | Certain constituencies
Philippines - National and sub-national elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters
France - National and other elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Both | Voters from abroad or in certain constituencies
Argentina - National and sub-national elections | EBP | Controlled | Certain constituencies
Iraq - National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters
Canada - Sub-national elections | IVS, OCR or OMR | Both | Certain constituencies
Peru - National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies
Venezuela - National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
Australia - Sub-national elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Certain constituencies
Ecuador - National and sub-national elections | EBP, IVS | Both | Certain constituencies
Belgium - National and sub-national elections | EBP | Controlled | Certain constituencies
Dominican Republic - National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters
United Arab Emirates - National elections | IVS | Controlled | All voters
Paraguay - Sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
Kyrgyzstan - National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters
Bulgaria - National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
New Zealand - National elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Voters from abroad
Oman - National elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Controlled | All voters
Panama - National, sub-national, and other elections DRE w VVPAT, IVS Both Certain constituencies
Mongolia - National and sub-national elections | OCR or OMR, SMS | Both | All voters
Albania - National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies
Armenia - National elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Voters from abroad and military voters
Namibia - National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
Estonia - National and sub-national elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | All voters
Fiji - Other (trade unions and student body elections) | DRE w VVPAT, EBP | Controlled | Registered members of Trade Union or student body electoral roll
Bhutan - National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters
- Data current as of July 2023, but election rules can change at any time
- EMB = Electoral Management Body, a general term used to describe the organizations in charge of conducting, and in many countries organizing, elections
- Examples of "other" elections include non-binding referendums and the election of trade union leaders
- DRE w VVPAT = Direct recording electronic voting machines with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT)
- DRE = Direct recording electronic voting machines with or without voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT)
- EBP = Electronic Ballot Printer
- IVS = Internet Voting Systems
- OCR = Optical Character Recognition
- OMR = Optical Mark Recognition
- SMS = Vote-by-Text-Message systems
Country | In Use | Elections which use EVoting | Type of Technology Used | Voting Environment Type | Available to Whom? | Status of E-Voting where Not in Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| United States | Yes - National and sub-national elections | DRE, OCR, OMR | Controlled | Varies by state, but extensive options | ||
| Pakistan | National elections | IVS | Controlled | Voters from abroad | ||
| Brazil | National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Bangladesh | National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Mexico | Sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Both | Certain constituencies | ||
| Philippines | National and sub-national elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters | ||
| France | National and other elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Both | Voters from abroad or in certain constituencies | ||
| Iraq | National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Argentina | National and sub-national elections | EBP | Controlled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Canada | Sub-national elections | IVS, OCR or OMR | Both | Certain constituencies | ||
| Peru | National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Venezuela | National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Australia | Sub-national elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Ecuador | National and sub-national elections | EBP, IVS | Both | Certain constituencies | ||
| Belgium | National and sub-national elections | EBP | Controlled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Dominican Republic | National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters | ||
| United Arab Emirates | National elections | IVS | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | National elections | OCR or OMR | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Paraguay | Sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Bulgaria | National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Oman | National elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Controlled | All voters | ||
| New Zealand | National elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Voters from abroad | ||
| Panama | National, sub-national, and other elections | DRE w VVPAT, IVS | Both | Certain constituencies | ||
| Mongolia | National and sub-national elections | OCR or OMR, SMS | Both | All voters | ||
| Namibia | National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Armenia | National elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | Voters from abroad and military voters | ||
| Albania | National elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | Certain constituencies | ||
| Estonia | National and sub-national elections | IVS | Uncontrolled | All voters | ||
| Fiji | Other (trade unions and student body elections) | DRE w VVPAT, EBP | Controlled | Registered members of Trade Union or student body electoral roll | Used in the Trade Union and student body elections. | |
| Bhutan | National and sub-national elections | DRE w VVPAT | Controlled | All voters | ||
| Indonesia | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Nigeria | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Ethiopia | None | Never used | ||||
| Japan | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Egypt | None | Never used | ||||
| Turkey | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Germany | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Thailand | None | Never used | ||||
| United Kingdom | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| South Africa | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Italy | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Kenya | None | Never used | ||||
| Myanmar | None | Never used | ||||
| Colombia | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Sudan | None | Never used | ||||
| Uganda | None | Never used | ||||
| Spain | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Algeria | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Afghanistan | None | Never used | ||||
| Yemen | None | Never used | ||||
| Poland | None | Never used | ||||
| Morocco | None | Never used | ||||
| Angola | None | Never used | ||||
| Ukraine | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Uzbekistan | None | Never used | ||||
| Malaysia | None | Never used | ||||
| Mozambique | None | Never used | ||||
| Ghana | None | Never used | ||||
| Madagascar | None | Never used | ||||
| Nepal | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Cameroon | None | Never used | ||||
| Niger | None | Never used | ||||
| Mali | None | Never used | ||||
| Burkina Faso | None | Never used | ||||
| Taiwan | None | Never used | ||||
| Sri Lanka | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Malawi | None | Never used | ||||
| Zambia | None | Never used | ||||
| Kazakhstan | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Chad | None | Never used | ||||
| Chile | None | Never used | ||||
| Romania | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Senegal | None | Never used | ||||
| Guatemala | None | Never used | ||||
| Netherlands | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Cambodia | None | Never used | ||||
| Zimbabwe | None | Never used | ||||
| Guinea | None | Never used | ||||
| Benin | None | Never used | ||||
| Rwanda | None | Never used | ||||
| Burundi | None | Never used | ||||
| Bolivia | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Tunisia | None | Never used | ||||
| South Sudan | None | Never used | ||||
| Haiti | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Jordan | None | Never used | ||||
| Cuba | None | Never used | ||||
| Honduras | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Czech Republic | None | Never used | ||||
| Sweden | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Tajikistan | None | Never used | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | None | Never used | ||||
| Portugal | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Azerbaijan | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Greece | None | Never used | ||||
| Hungary | None | Never used | ||||
| Togo | None | Never used | ||||
| Israel | None | Never used | ||||
| Austria | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Belarus | None | Never used | ||||
| Switzerland | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Sierra Leone | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Turkmenistan | None | Never used | ||||
| Hong Kong | None | Unofficial civil referendums may use electronic/online voting | ||||
| Libya | None | Never used | ||||
| Nicaragua | None | Never used | ||||
| Serbia | None | Never used | ||||
| El Salvador | None | Never used | ||||
| Denmark | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Singapore | None | Never used | ||||
| Lebanon | None | Never used | ||||
| Finland | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Liberia | None | Never used | ||||
| Norway | None | Used but abandoned | ||||
| Slovakia | None | Never used | ||||
| Central African Republic | None | Never used | ||||
| Ireland | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Mauritania | None | Never used | ||||
| Costa Rica | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Kuwait | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Croatia | None | Never used | ||||
| Georgia | None | Never used | ||||
| Eritrea | None | Never used | ||||
| Uruguay | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | None | Never used | ||||
| Lithuania | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Jamaica | None | Never used | ||||
| Gambia | None | Never used | ||||
| Gabon | None | Never used | ||||
| Botswana | None | Never used | ||||
| Lesotho | None | Never used | ||||
| Slovenia | None | Never used | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | None | Never used | ||||
| Latvia | None | Never used | ||||
| Bahrain | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | None | Never used | ||||
| Timor Leste | None | Never used | ||||
| Cyprus | None | Never used | ||||
| Mauritius | None | Never used | ||||
| Eswatini | None | Never used | ||||
| Djibouti | None | Never used | ||||
| Comoros | None | Never used | ||||
| Solomon Islands | None | Never used | ||||
| Luxembourg | None | Never used | ||||
| Montenegro | None | Never used | ||||
| Malta | None | Never used | ||||
| Maldives | None | Never used | ||||
| Belize | None | Never used | ||||
| Iceland | None | Feasibility studies finished or in-progress | ||||
| Vanuatu | None | Never used | ||||
| Samoa | None | Never used | ||||
| Kiribati | None | Never used | ||||
| Seychelles | None | Never used | ||||
| Tonga | None | Never used | ||||
| Andorra | None | Never used | ||||
| Liechtenstein | None | Allowed by law, but no feasibility studies or tests yet | ||||
| San Marino | None | Never used | ||||
| Palau | None | Never used | ||||
| Cook Islands | None | Never used | ||||
| Nauru | None | Never used | ||||
| Tuvalu | None | Never used | ||||
| Niue | None | Never used |