13 cities
| City | Rank | 2026 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andover | 1 | 18,016 | 14,967 | 2.9% | 1,636 | 11 | City |
| El Dorado | 2 | 12,655 | 12,771 | -0.15% | 1,272 | 10 | City |
| Augusta | 3 | 9,034 | 9,241 | -0.37% | 2,130 | 4 | City |
| Rose Hill | 4 | 4,341 | 4,188 | 0.6% | 1,924 | 2 | City |
| Douglass | 5 | 1,496 | 1,549 | -0.6% | 1,409 | 1 | City |
| Towanda | 6 | 1,414 | 1,443 | -0.35% | 1,547 | 1 | City |
| Benton | 7 | 923 | 944 | -0.32% | 601 | 2 | City |
| Whitewater | 8 | 648 | 660 | -0.31% | 1,577 | 0 | City |
| Leon | 9 | 645 | 656 | -0.31% | 892 | 1 | City |
| Potwin | 10 | 409 | 421 | -0.49% | 1,740 | 0 | City |
| Elbing | 11 | 217 | 225 | -0.46% | 1,262 | 0 | City |
| Cassoday | 12 | 105 | 107 | 0% | 309 | 0 | City |
| Latham | 13 | 97 | 99 | 0% | 447 | 0 | City |
Andover is the largest city in Butler County, with a population of 18,016.
Latham is the smallest city in Butler County, with a population of 97.
There are 13 cities in Butler County, Kansas.