Virginia Cities by Population 2025

Virginia’s local government system comprises 95 counties and 38 independent cities. Unlike most states, Virginia’s independent cities are separate from counties and function as distinct local government units, providing a full range of services.

Richmond, the state capital, operates under a mayor-council form of government, where the mayor serves as the city’s chief executive, overseeing departments such as public safety, housing, and economic development. The Richmond City Council acts as the legislative body, passing ordinances and shaping policy.

Other large cities, like Virginia Beach and Norfolk, use similar governance structures, emphasizing strong mayoral leadership with active city councils. Smaller towns often utilize council-manager systems, where an elected council sets policy and a professional manager oversees day-to-day operations.

Counties like Fairfax County and Henrico County manage services in unincorporated areas, focusing on law enforcement, public health, education, and land use planning. Boards of supervisors govern counties, establishing policies and managing county operations.

Virginia’s independent cities have full control over local services, including schools, police, and public works. This unique governance structure allows for a high degree of municipal autonomy but often requires strong collaboration with neighboring counties on regional issues.

Unincorporated areas within counties rely on county government for services. Special districts may provide additional support, offering utilities, fire protection, and other functions.

Regional planning commissions and councils of government promote collaboration among Virginia’s counties and independent cities, addressing challenges such as transportation infrastructure, economic development, and environmental management.