Government
Electoral Systems by Country 2025
General Electoral System Type (IDEA)
In transition
Mixed
Not applicable
Other
Plurality/Majority
Plurality/Majority and PR
Proportional
General Electoral System Type (IDEA)
86 countries
78 countries
33 countries
Country | General Electoral System Type (IDEA)↓ | Specific Electoral System | |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Indonesia | Proportional |
|
 | Brazil | Proportional |
|
 | Turkey | Proportional |
|
 | South Africa | Proportional |
|
 | Colombia | Proportional |
|
 | Spain | Proportional |
|
 | Algeria | Proportional |
|
 | Argentina | Proportional |
|
 | Angola | Proportional |
|
 | Morocco | Proportional |
|
 | Poland | Proportional |
|
 | Mozambique | Proportional |
|
 | Peru | Proportional |
|
 | Niger | Proportional |
|
 | Burkina Faso | Proportional | |
 | Sri Lanka | Proportional |
|
 | Chile | Proportional |
|
 | Romania | Proportional |
|
 | Guatemala | Proportional |
|
 | Netherlands | Proportional |
|
 | Ecuador | Proportional |
|
 | Cambodia | Proportional |
|
 | Benin | Proportional |
|
 | Rwanda | Proportional |
|
 | Burundi | Proportional |
|
 | Belgium | Proportional |
|
 | Jordan | Proportional |
|
 | Dominican Republic | Proportional |
|
 | Honduras | Proportional |
|
 | Sweden | Proportional |
|
 | Czechia | Proportional |
|
 | Portugal | Proportional |
|
 | Greece | Proportional |
|
 | Togo | Proportional |
|
 | Israel | Proportional |
|
 | Austria | Proportional |
|
 | Switzerland | Proportional |
|
 | Paraguay | Proportional |
|
 | Nicaragua | Proportional |
|
 | Bulgaria | Proportional |
|
 | Serbia | Proportional |
|
 | El Salvador | Proportional |
|
 | Denmark | Proportional |
|
 | Lebanon | Proportional |
|
 | Finland | Proportional |
|
 | Norway | Proportional |
|
 | Slovakia | Proportional |
|
 | Ireland | Proportional |
|
 | Costa Rica | Proportional |
|
 | Panama | Proportional |
|
 | Croatia | Proportional |
|
 | Uruguay | Proportional |
|
 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Proportional |
|
 | Namibia | Proportional |
|
 | Moldova | Proportional |
|
 | Armenia | Proportional |
|
 | Albania | Proportional |
|
 | Guinea-Bissau | Proportional |
|
 | Slovenia | Proportional |
|
 | Equatorial Guinea | Proportional |
|
 | Latvia | Proportional |
|
 | North Macedonia | Proportional |
|
 | Timor-Leste | Proportional |
|
 | Cyprus | Proportional |
|
 | Estonia | Proportional |
|
 | Fiji | Proportional |
|
 | Guyana | Proportional |
|
 | Luxembourg | Proportional |
|
 | Suriname | Proportional |
|
 | Montenegro | Proportional |
|
 | Malta | Proportional |
|
 | Cape Verde | Proportional |
|
 | Iceland | Proportional |
|
 | Sao Tome and Principe | Proportional |
|
 | Aruba | Proportional | |
 | Greenland | Proportional | |
 | Liechtenstein | Proportional |
|
 | San Marino | Proportional |
|
 | DR Congo | Plurality/Majority and PR |
|
 | Madagascar | Plurality/Majority and PR |
|
 | Pakistan | Mixed |
|
 | Russia | Mixed |
|
 | Mexico | Mixed |
|
 | Japan | Mixed |
|
 | Philippines | Mixed |
|
 | Germany | Mixed |
|
 | Thailand | Mixed |
|
 | Italy | Mixed |
|
 | South Korea | Mixed |
|
 | Sudan | Mixed | |
 | Ukraine | Mixed |
|
 | Nepal | Mixed |
|
 | Venezuela | Mixed |
|
 | Taiwan | Mixed |
|
 | Kazakhstan | Mixed |
|
 | Senegal | Mixed |
|
 | Zimbabwe | Mixed |
|
 | Guinea | Mixed |
|
 | Bolivia | Mixed |
|
 | Tajikistan | Mixed |
|
 | Hungary | Mixed |
|
 | Libya | Mixed | |
 | Kyrgyzstan | Mixed |
|
 | Palestine | Mixed |
|
 | Mauritania | Mixed |
|
 | New Zealand | Mixed |
|
 | Georgia | Mixed |
|
 | Lithuania | Mixed |
|
 | Lesotho | Mixed |
|
 | Djibouti | Mixed |
|
 | Seychelles | Mixed |
|
 | Andorra | Mixed |
|
 | Monaco | Mixed |
|
 | India | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | United States | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Nigeria | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Bangladesh | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Ethiopia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Egypt | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Vietnam | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Iran | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Tanzania | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | United Kingdom | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | France | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Kenya | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Myanmar | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Uganda | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Iraq | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Yemen | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Canada | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Uzbekistan | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Malaysia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Ghana | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Ivory Coast | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Cameroon | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Australia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | North Korea | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Syria | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Mali | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Malawi | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Zambia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Chad | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Tunisia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Haiti | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Cuba | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Papua New Guinea | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Azerbaijan | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Belarus | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Sierra Leone | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Laos | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Turkmenistan | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Republic of the Congo | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Singapore | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Liberia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Central African Republic | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Oman | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Mongolia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Qatar | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Jamaica | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Gambia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Gabon | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Botswana | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Bahrain | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Trinidad and Tobago | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Mauritius | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Eswatini | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Comoros | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Solomon Islands | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Bhutan | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Maldives | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Belize | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Bahamas | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Barbados | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Samoa | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Saint Lucia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Kiribati | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Grenada | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Micronesia | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Jersey | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Tonga | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Antigua and Barbuda | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Isle of Man | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Cayman Islands | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Dominica | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Bermuda | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Guernsey | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Turks and Caicos Islands | Plurality/Majority | |
 | British Virgin Islands | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Marshall Islands | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Palau | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Anguilla | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Cook Islands | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Tuvalu | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | Montserrat | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Falkland Islands | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Tokelau | Plurality/Majority | |
 | Niue | Plurality/Majority |
|
 | South Sudan | In transition | |
 | Afghanistan | Other | |
 | Kuwait | Other |
|
 | Vanuatu | Other |
|
 | Gibraltar | Other |
|
 | Nauru | Other |
|
 | China | Not applicable | |
 | Saudi Arabia | Not applicable | |
 | Somalia | Not applicable |
|
 | United Arab Emirates | Not applicable | |
 | Eritrea | Not applicable |
|
 | Brunei | Not applicable | |
 | Vatican City | Not applicable |
|
 | Macau |
|
- According to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), most electoral systems fall into one of three main categories: “Plurality/Majority” systems, “Proportional Representation (PR)” systems, and “Mixed” systems. In addition, a number of countries may be classified as “In transition”, “Not applicable”, or “Other”, such as Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) or Limited Vote (LV) systems.
- Other sources, many of which were consulted in determining the specific electoral systems in use for the election of certain offices, may divide the various systems into additional, more granular classifications.
There are many electoral systems used worldwide. Here is a summary explanation of the various types of electoral systems in alphabetical order.
Approval Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a multiple-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a single winner or multi-winner.
Borda Count
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian/semi-proportional based on candidates, using a ranked-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a single winner or multi-winner. Condorcet Method
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a ranked-choice ballot that uses a majority against every candidate rule to determine a single winner.
Cumulative Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian/semi-proportional based on candidates, using a cumulative ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a single winner or multi-winner.
Dual Member Proportional
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional/proportional based on a list or candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a multi-winner.
Exhaustive Ballot
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a majority rule to determine a single winner or multi-winner.
First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
Under this two-round system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a single winner.
Instant-Runoff Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a ranked-choice ballot that uses a majority rule to determine a single winner.
Limited Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional based on candidates, using a multiple-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a multi-winner.
Multiple Transferable Vote
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a ranked-choice ballot that uses a majority rule to determine a multi-winner.
Party-Block Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on a list, using a single-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a multi-winner.
Party-List Proportional Representation (list-PR)
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional/proportional based on a list or open list of candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a quota or divisor method to determine a multi-winner.
Plurality Block Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a multiple-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a multi-winner.
Score Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian/semi-proportional based on candidates, using a score ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a single winner or multi-winner.
Seat-Linkage Compensatory Combination of FPTP + List-PR
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional/proportional based on candidates + list, using a single-choice ballot that uses a mixed compensatory rule to determine a multi-winner (single winner in districts).
Single Non-Transferable Vote
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional based on candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a plurality rule to determine a multi-winner.
Single Transferable Vote
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional/proportional based on candidates, using a ranked-choice ballot that uses a quota rule to determine a multi-winner.
Superposition - Non-Compensatory Combo of FPTP + List-PR
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional based on candidates + list using a single-choice ballot that uses a mixed non-compensatory rule to determine a multi-winner (single winner in districts).
Two-Round Block Voting
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a multiple-choice ballot that uses a majority rule to determine a multi-winner.
Two-Round System
Under this system, the type of voting is majoritarian based on candidates, using a single-choice ballot that uses a majority rule to determine a single winner.
Positive Vote Transfer System
Under this system, the type of voting is semi-proportional/proportional based on candidates + list, using a single-choice ballot that uses a mixed compensatory rule to determine a multi-winner (single winner in districts).
