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Linguistic Diversity Index (LDI)

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Linguistic Diversity Index by Country 2024

Linguistic diversity refers to the number of languages spoken within a country. The Linguistic Diversity Index (LDI) is a tool that measures the likelihood that any two people within the country will have a different native language. The LDI is generally higher in countries where many languages are spoken.

Country
Linguistic Diversity Index (LDI)
Papua New Guinea99%
Cameroon97%
Solomon Islands97%
Vanuatu97%
Central African Republic96%
DR Congo95%
Kenya93%
Uganda93%
Mozambique93%
Chad93%

Papua New Guinea has the greatest language diversity. At least 840 languages are spoken within this island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Throughout the country's history, its geographical features, like forests and mountains, kept groups isolated, resulting in excellent language diversity. Papua New Guinea also has the highest LDI of any country globally. Its LDI is 99 percent.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, Cameroon has an LDI of 97 percent, the world's second highest. Cameroon has more than 250 national languages. The diversity of language comes about because of the country's history of more than 240 tribes. The Solomon Islands also have an LDI of 97 percent. The Solomon Islands are in the western South Pacific Ocean. The nation is very culturally diverse, and more than 60 distinct languages, many with multiple dialects, are spoken there.

Vanuatu is another western South Pacific country. Its chain of islands extends for about 400 miles in a Y-shape. The indigenous population is Melanesian, and about 100 languages, most of them Melanesian, are spoken there. Its LDI is also 97 percent.

The country with the fifth-highest LDI is the Central African Republic. About 72 languages are spoken there.

  • Greenberg's Diversity Index (LDI) is an analytical tool that measures the likelihood that any two people within a given population will have different mother tongues.
  • LDI is not a direct correlation to probability. Therefore, a score of 0.99 does not necessarily indicate a 99% chance of language diversity, and an LDI of 0.00 does represent a 0% chance of linguistic diversity.

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Country
Linguistic Diversity Index (LDI)
Papua New Guinea99%
Cameroon97%
Solomon Islands97%
Vanuatu97%
Central African Republic96%
DR Congo95%
Kenya93%
Uganda93%
Mozambique93%
Chad93%
Benin93%
South Sudan93%
Liberia92%
India91%
Togo91%
Ivory Coast90%
Nigeria89%
Tanzania87%
South Africa87%
Mali87%
Ethiopia86%
Ghana86%
Guinea Bissau86%
Gabon85%
Philippines84%
Sierra Leone84%
Zambia83%
Qatar83%
Bhutan83%
Indonesia82%
Republic of the Congo82%
Sint Maarten82%
Afghanistan79%
Madagascar79%
Senegal78%
Gambia78%
Namibia78%
Iraq76%
Nepal76%
Singapore76%
Pakistan75%
Thailand75%
Angola75%
Guinea75%
New Caledonia75%
Micronesia75%
Malaysia74%
Guam74%
Burkina Faso72%
Israel72%
Belize72%
Northern Mariana Islands72%
United Arab Emirates71%
Suriname71%
Belgium70%
Laos70%
Oman70%
Malawi69%
Bosnia and Herzegovina69%
Saint Martin69%
Switzerland68%
Tokelau68%
Eritrea67%
Andorra67%
Bahrain66%
Monaco65%
Iran64%
Fiji63%
Sao Tome and Principe63%
Luxembourg62%
Kuwait61%
Canada60%
Zimbabwe60%
Trinidad and Tobago60%
Yemen58%
Niger57%
Bolivia57%
Brunei57%
Georgia55%
Comoros55%
French Guiana55%
United States Virgin Islands55%
Wallis and Futuna55%
Libya54%
Latvia53%
China52%
Myanmar52%
Guatemala52%
Antigua and Barbuda52%
Egypt51%
Kazakhstan51%
Guyana51%
Bahamas51%
Gibraltar51%
Jordan50%
Albania50%
North Macedonia50%
Djibouti50%
Barbados50%
British Virgin Islands50%
Ukraine49%
Taiwan49%
Nauru49%
Cayman Islands48%
Uzbekistan47%
Estonia47%
Palau47%
Italy46%
Morocco46%
Kyrgyzstan46%
Turkmenistan46%
French Polynesia46%
Marshall Islands46%
Sri Lanka45%
Reunion45%
Cyprus44%
Mayotte44%
Saudi Arabia43%
Aruba43%
Netherlands41%
Belarus41%
Botswana40%
Lithuania40%
Moldova39%
Algeria36%
Syria36%
Turkey35%
Somalia35%
Germany34%
Peru34%
United States33%
Bangladesh32%
Sudan31%
Dominica31%
Palestine30%
New Zealand29%
Panama29%
Curacao29%
Russia28%
Spain28%
Tajikistan28%
Equatorial Guinea28%
Vietnam27%
Australia27%
Malta26%
France25%
Slovakia25%
Macau25%
Montenegro24%
Saint Barthelemy24%
Sweden23%
Austria23%
Bulgaria23%
Mauritania23%
Cook Islands23%
Serbia22%
Paraguay22%
Mauritius22%
Hong Kong21%
American Samoa21%
Azerbaijan20%
Lebanon20%
Greenland20%
Niue19%
Ecuador18%
Mongolia18%
Argentina17%
Finland17%
Slovenia17%
Samoa17%
United Kingdom15%
Romania15%
Turks and Caicos Islands15%
Jersey14%
Anguilla14%
Tunisia12%
Greece12%
Ireland12%
Seychelles12%
Mexico11%
Uruguay11%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon11%
Brazil10%
Cambodia10%
Croatia10%
Rwanda9%
Denmark9%
Lesotho9%
Liechtenstein9%
Guadeloupe8%
Bermuda8%
Czech Republic7%
Portugal7%
Norway7%
Puerto Rico6%
Grenada6%
Poland5%
Nicaragua5%
Armenia5%
Montserrat5%
Japan4%
Venezuela4%
Chile4%
Dominican Republic4%
Honduras4%
Costa Rica4%
Martinique4%
Hungary3%
Tonga3%
Colombia2%
Jamaica2%
Saint Lucia2%
Kiribati2%
Tuvalu2%
South Korea1%
Burundi1%
Iceland1%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1%
Guernsey1%
Saint Kitts and Nevis1%
showing: 220 rows

Which country has the most linguistic diversity?

Papua New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse, with 840 spoken languages.

Frequently Asked Questions

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